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| - Archosauromorpha, Archosauria (), Thecodontia () | |
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Archosauromorpha topics: | | | | | viagra free | "" | | |
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Archosaurs (Greek for 'ruling lizards') are a group of that first evolved from ancestors during the (Lower ). They are represented today by and . Archosaurs are set apart by having socketed teeth (a feature that inspired the traditional name, '', for the Triassic forms) and four-chambered hearts, among other characteristics. Most early forms were carnivores, with narrow serrated meat-tearing teeth. Their "" metabolism seem to have given them a clear advantage over the mammal-like that were their contemporaries in the arid interiors and strong climates that were the natural result of the single world-continent, . Thus, whereas the Permian was dominated by , the Triassic came to be dominated by .
There are two primary groups of archosaurs — the which were insignificant during the Middle Triassic but in the Late Triassic radiated as the and ; and the , which were the predominant group at this time, and included a number of purely Triassic groups like the , the , and the , as well as the ancestors of the .
A number of these archosaur groups - chiefly those large that are in pre- books called the Thecodonts - became extinct 195 million years ago, during the . The survivors - the Dinosaurs and the Pterosaurs among the Ornithodira, and first the and then their descendants the among the Crurotarsi - flourished during the and Periods. The dinosaurs dominated the land, the pterosaurs and later another archosaurian group, the birds, dominated the air,and the crocodiles dominated the rivers and swamps and even invadied the seas (the and ).
Most of these taxa perished 65 , during the . The only groups of archosaurs to continue through to the and, ultimately, to the present day, are the (which are descended from the dinosaurs) and the (which include all modern , , and ).
Birds are traditionally treated as a separate , , while the rest of the archosaurs are treated as a or infraclass, Archosauria, within the class . More recently, with the method dominating , only groups are considered valid and birds are included within the division Archosauria.
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Author: , 1869
Range: from the Early Triassic
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: No parietal (pineal) foramen or fossa [P93]; foramina for internal carotids lateral to basipterygoid process [P93]; no palatal teeth on pterygoid, palatine or vomer [$S91] [$π03]; vertebral intercentra absent [$P93]; calcaneum with hemicylindrical facet for astragalus [P93]; calcaneal tuber with at least some posterior deviation from lateral projection [P93]; calcaneal tuber taller than broad [P93]; calcaneal tuber projects posteriorly at 90° to long axis of articulation between crus & proximal tarsals [$P93]; calcaneal tuber deflected >45° posterolaterally [$S91] [$π03]; calcaneal tuber flares such that it is laterally concave & medially convex [$P93]; calcaneal facet for fibula continuous with facet for distal tarsal IV [$S91] [P93] [$π03]; dermal armor present [P93].
Notes: "[Ï€03]" refers to our own analysis of published data.
References: Parrish (1993) [P93], Sereno (1991) [S91]. ATW040117.
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- Infraclass
- (unranked)
- (unranked) ARCHOSAURIA
- (unranked) ("Pseudosuchia")
- Order
- Order
- Order
- Order
- (unranked) ("Ornithosuchia" sensu but without )
- Order
- Superorder
- Class
- (unranked) ("Pseudosuchia")
- (unranked) ARCHOSAURIA
- (unranked)
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- (2004), Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd
- (1988), Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, W. H. Freeman and Co. New York
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- Archosauria
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ATW040117; many authors; this page MAK061023