Bivalvia phylogeny
From Palaeos.org
| BIVALVIA | |
| Taxonomy | Phylogeny |
Phylum: Mollusca
|
o Mollusca `--+?-Tuarangioida `--+--Fordilla `--+--Pojetaia o Protobranchia |--Nuculoida |--Solemyoida |--Praecardoida `--o Autolamellibranchia |== Modiomorphoida (stem group) |--o Pteriomorphia | |--Isofilibranchia | |--Prionodonta | `--Eupteridomorpha `--+--o Palaeoheterodonta | |--Trigonioida | `--Unionoida `--o Heterodonta |--o unnamed clade | |--Carditacea | `--Crassatellacea `--o unnamed clade |--Hippuritoida |--Chamacea `--+--Veneroida `--Anomalodesmata |
A number of cladistic analyses, based on neontological, paleontological, and more recently molecular evidence, have suggested that the popular classification of Newell et al. (Treatise) is in need of revision.
The following cladogram that shows mostly recent groups (I hope to add more fossil taxa at a later date) is primarily based on: 1) Parker (1982) as modified by Giribet & Wheeler (2002), who used molecular evidence from gene sequence data to create a phylogenetic estimate for bivalve molluscs, and 2) Campbell (2002), who used paleontological as well as molecular evidence. Giribet and Wheeler's combined analysis supports the monophyly of bivalves, paraphyly of protobranchiate bivalves, and monophyly of Autolamellibranchiata, Pteriomorphia, Heteroconchia, Palaeoheterodonta and Heterodonta s.l. (the latter including the monophyletic taxon Anomalodesmata). The monophyly of Palaeoheterodonta is among the most stable of the results, grouping the extant trigoniids with the freshwater unionids, and the sister-group relationship of the heterodont families Astartidae and Carditidae, which together constitute the sister taxon to the remaining heterodont bivalves. However, the heterodont orders Myoida and Veneroida are not monophyletic.
<==Bivalvia [Acephala, Nuculiformii, Nuculoida, Palaeotaxodonta, Pelecypoda, Protobranchia] |--Tuarangia [Tuarangioida] `--+--Fordilla `--+--Pojetaia |--+--Nuculacea | | |--Nuculidae | | `--Pristiglomidae | `--Solemyoida [Cryptodonta, Lipodonta, Solemyacea, Solemyoidea] | |--Solemya [Solemyidae] | | | i. s.: S. parkinsoni | | | S. reidi | | | S. togata | | | S. velum | | `--S. (Janeia) | | |--S. (J.) parallela (Beede & Rogers 1899) | | `--S. (J.) primaeva (Phillips 1836) | `--Nucinellidae [Huxleyidae, Manzanellidae] `--+--Nuculanoidea [Nuculanacea] |--Praecardioida `--Autolamellibranchiata [Autobranchia, Lamellibranchia, Mesosyntheta, Mytiliformii] |--Pteriomorphia `--Heteroconchia | i. s.: Margaritifera auricularia |--Palaeoheterodonta `--Heterodonta
Bivalvia incertae sedis:
Ctenodonta Cyrtodonta saffordi Pyrenomoeus Lamellidens marginalis Quadula pustulosa Batolites Montfort 1808 `--B. organisans Montfort 1808 Lapeirousiinae |--Lapeirousia Bayle 1878 |--Praelapeirousia `--Lapeirousella Plicatomytilus Cataceramus |--C. barabini (Morton 1834) `--C. subcircularis (Meek 1876) Horiopleura lamberti Polyconites verneuili Pseudotoucasia santanderensis Praeradiolites Sphaerulites Durania |--D. arnaudi `--D. blayaci Chondrodonta Nodipecten nodosus Axinopsida subquadrata Raeta Gray 1853 |--R. canaliculata |--R. perspicua |--R. pulchella `--R. tenuiplicata Bartrum 1919 Callithaca adamsi Mizuhopecten yessoensis Swiftopecten swifti Leionucula ovatotruncata Theora |--T. fragilis (Adams 1856) [=Neaera fragilis] `--T. lubrica Liocyma fluctuosa Zirfaea crispata Alveinus ojianus Panomya arctica Sertifer keenae Argopecten |--A. gibbus `--A. irradians Myrene [Neomiodontidae] `--M. tetoriensis Gouldia minima Atreta intusstriata Phestia Chernyshev 1951 Carolia placunoides Cubitostrea Nicaisolopha Pycnodonte Devonia perrieri (Malard 1903) (see below for synonymy) Halobiidae [Halobioidea] |--Daonella `--Halobia Prospondylidae [Terquemiidae] |--‘Placunopsis’ ostracina `--‘Placunopsis’ plana Natasia boliviensis |--N. b. boliviensis `--N. b. fragilis Thyasira Lamarck 1818 |--T. flexuosa `--T. planata Marwick 1926 Lyrodus pedicellatus Guizhoupecten cheni |--G. c. cheni `--G. c. willisensis Arisaigia postornata Potamocorbula amurensis Ryderia Wilton 1830 (see below for synonymy) |--*R. renevieri (Oppel 1856) [=Leda renevieri] |--‘Leda’ bellistriata Stevens 1858 [=*Culunana bellistriata] |--R. doris (d’Orbigny 1849) (see below for synonymy) |--‘Leda’ karagandensis Chernyshev 1951 [=*Polidevcia karagandensis] `--R. texturata (Terquem & Piette 1865) (see below for synonymy) Leda |--L. corbuloides Smith 1885 |--L. crassa (Hinds 1843) [=Nucula crassa] |--L. darwini Smith 1884 |--L. neariformis Smith 1885 |--L. novaeguineensis Smith 1885 |--L. sulculata `--L. watsoni Smith 1885 Barnea |--B. candida `--B. similis Dendrostrea folium Pseudophytina rugifera Mactromeris polynyma Hyridella menziesi Panope Poroleda |--P. lanceolata (Hutton 1885) `--P. pertubata Iredale 1924 Sarepta Adams 1860 `--S. obolella (Tate 1886) [=Leda obolella) Ovaleda Iredale 1925 |--*O. tellinaeformis (Hedley 1901) [=Sarepta tellinaeformis] `--O. aucklandica (Marshall 1918) [=Sarepta aucklandica] Modiolaria |--M. cumingiana (Reeve 1857) [=Modiola cumingiana] |--M. cuneata Gould 1861 |--M. discors |--M. miranda Smith 1884 |--M. perstriata Hedley 1906 `--M. splendida (Dunker 1856) [=Volsella splendida] Trichomusculus Iredale 1924 `--*T. barbatus (Reeve 1858) [=Lithodomus barbatus, Modiolaria barbata] Gaimardia |--G. aucklandica Finlay 1927 |--G. coccinea Hedley 1916 [=G. trapezina var. coccinea] |--G. finlayi |--G. forsteriana Finlay 1927 `--G. trapesina (Lamarck 1836) [=Modiolarca trapezina] Neogaimardia Odhner 1924 |--*N. rostellata [=Kellia rostellata] |--N. minutissima (Iredale 1908) (see below for synonymy) `--N. tasmanica Beddome 1881 [=Modiolarca tasmanica] Kidderia |--K. acrobeles [=Gaimardia acrobeles, Modiolarca acrobeles] |--K. aupouria |--K. campbellica Odhner 1924 |--K. hamiltoni Finlay 1927 (see below for synonymy) |--K. macquariensis `--K. smithi [=Modiolarca smithi] Costokidderia Finlay 1927 |--*C. costata (Odhner 1924) [=Kidderia costata] |--C. lyallensis Finlay 1927 `--C. pedica Finlay 1927 Parvithracia Finlay 1927 `--*P. suteri Finlay 1927 (see below for synonymy) Diplodontidae Neolepton Monterosato 1875 `--N. citrinum Notolepton Finlay 1927 |--*N. antipodum (see below for synonymy) `--N. novacambrica (Hedley 1915) [=Neolepton novacambrica] Zemyllita Finlay 1927 `--*Z. stowei (Hutton 1873) [=Myllita stowei] Myllitella Finlay 1927 |--*M. vivens Finlay 1927 |--M. finlayi (Marwick 1924) [=Myllita finlayi] `--M. tasmanica [=Myllita tasmanica] Cyamium Philippi 1845 `--C. oblongum Solecurtus Blainville 1824 |--*S. strigillatus [=Solen strigillatus] |--S. bensoni Finlay 1924 |--S. chattonensis Finlay 1924 |--S. ellipticus Dana 1849 |--S. evolutus Finlay 1924 `--S. murrayvianus Finlay 1927 [=S. ellipticus Tate 1887 non Dana 1849] Saxicava |--S. antarctica |--S. artica (Linnaeus 1767) [=Mya arctica] |--S. australis `--S. subalata Myadora Crenella stantoni Finlay 1927 [=C. elongata Stanton 1920 non Hutton 1873] Barcoona Finlay 1927 [=Pachydomella Etheridge 1907 non Ulrich 1891] `--*B. chutus (Etheridge 1907) [=*Pachydomella chutus] Avicula |--A. alata Kloeden 1834 |--‘Cypricardia alata’ non Avicula alata Kloeden 1834 `--A. barklyi Moore 1870 (see below for synonymy) Pleuromya milliformis Retroceramus marwicki Felaniella zelandica Gari |--G. convexa |--G. lineolata `--G. stangeri Pleuromeris zelandica Ruditapes |--R. decussatus `--R. largillierti Xenostrobus |--X. pulex `--X. securis Irus reflexus Musculista senhousia Borniola reniformis Condylocuna concentrica Cyclomactra ovata Mesopeplum convexum Modiolarca impacta Pholadidea suteri Pseudoarcopagia disculus Scalpomactra scalpellum Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus 1758) [=Mytilus bilocularis] Tucetona laticostata Varinucula gallinacea Melina cumingii (Reeve 1858) [=Perna cumingii] Crenatula |--C. flammea Reeve 1858 `--C. picta (Gmelin 1791) [=Ostrea picta] Meleagrina |--M. anomioides (Reeve 1857) [=Avicula anomioides] |--M. flexuosa (Reeve 1857) [=Avicula flexuosa] |--M. lucunata (Reeve 1857) [=Avicula lucunata] |--M. margaritifera (Linnaeus 1758) [=Mytilus margaritiferus] |--M. maxima (Jameson 1901) [=Margaritifera maxima] |--M. sugillata (Reeve 1857) [=Avicula sugillata] `--M. tegulata (Reeve 1857) [=Avicula tegulata] Vulsellidae |--Vulsella | |--*V. vulsella (Linnaeus 1758) [=Mya vulsella] | `--V. spongiarium `--Malleus |--*M. malleus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Ostrea malleus] |--M. albus Lamarck 1819 |--M. legumen Reeve 1858 |--M. meridianus `--M. regula (Forskall 1775) Amusium |--A. pleuronectes (Linnaeus 1758) [=Ostrea pleuronectes] |--A. scitulum Smith 1885 `--A. torresi Smith 1885 Placunanomia ione Gray 1850 Aenigma aenigmatica [=Tellina aenigmatica] Placenta |--*P. placenta (Linnaeus 1758) [=Anomia placenta] `--P. lobata Soerby 1871 Stavelia horrida (Dunker 1857) [=Mytilus horridus] Myrina coppingeri Smith 1885 Anatina |--A. faba Reeve 1863 |--A. gracilis Reeve 1860 |--A. prolongata Reeve 1863 `--A. vagina Reeve 1863 Coelodon elongatus Carpenter 1846 Crassatellites |--C. janus Hedley 1906 |--C. rhomboides (Smith 1885) [=Crassatella rhomboides] |--C. torresi (Smith 1885) [=Crassatella torresi] `--C. ziczac [=Crassatella ziczac] Carditella |--C. infans Smith 1885 `--C. torresi Smith 1885 Myrtaea desiderata (Smith 1885) [=Lucina desiderata] Corbis |--C. elegans `--C. fimbriata (Linnaeus 1758) [=Venus fimbriata] Cyamiomactra mactroides (Tate & May 1900) [=Cyamium mactroides] Opisocardium subretusum (Sowerby 1841) [=Cardium subretusum] Clementia papyracea (Gray 1825) [=Venus papyracea] Granicorium indutum Hedley 1906 Petricola lapicida (Gmelin 1791) [=Venus lapicida] Isocardia moltkiana (Gmelin 1791) [=Chama moltkiana] Glaucomya |--G. desmoyersii `--G. rugosa Hanley 1828 [=Glauconomya rugosa] Arcopagia Metis |--M. meyeri (Philippi 1846) [=Tellina meyeri] `--M. spectabilis (Hanley 1844) [=Tellina spectabilis] Strigilla |--S. euronia Hedley 1908 |--S. grossiana Hedley 1908 `--S. splendida (Anton 1839) [=Tellina splendida] Phylloda foliacea (Linnaeus 1758) [=Tellina foliacea] Sanguinolaria |--S. tenuis (Deshayes 1855) [=Capsa tenuis] `--S. virescens (Deshayes 1855) [=Capsa virescens] Asaphis |--A. contraria (Deshayes 1863) [=Psammobia contraria] `--A. deflorata (Linnaeus 1758) [=Venus deflorata] Cultellus |--*C. cultellus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Solen cultellus] `--C. hanleyi Dunker 1861 Psammosolen |--P. australis (Dunker 1861) [=Macha australis] |--P. coarctatus (Gmelin 1791) [=Solen coarctatus] |--P. deshayesii (Dunker 1861) [=Macha deshayesii] |--P. minutus (Dunker 1861) [=Azor minutus] `--P. sulcatus (Dunker 1861) [=Macha sulcatus] Labiosa grayi (Adams 1872) [=Raeta grayi] Lutraria |--L. arcuata Reeve 1854 |--L. elongata Gray 1837 |--L. impar Reeve 1854 |--L. oblonga (Gmelin 1791) [=Mya oblonga] `--L. philippinarum Reeve 1854 Standella nicobarica (Gmelin 1791) [=Mactra nicobarica] Cardilia semisulcata (Lamarck 1819) [=Isocardia semisulcata] Atactodea |--A. glabrata (Gmelin 1791) [=Mactra glabrata] |--A. intermedia (Reeve 1854) [=Mesodesma intermedia] |--A. mitis (Reeve 1854) [=Mesodesma mitis] `--A. striata (Gmelin 1791) [=Mactra striata] Mesodesma elongata Reeve 1854 Davila plana (Hanley 1843) [=Mesodesma plana] Ervilia bisculpta Gould 1861 Cryptomya elliptica (Adams 1851) [=Sphaenia elliptica] Anisodonta caledonica (Fischer 1886) [=Eucharis caledonica] Roccellaria pupina (Deshayes 1855) [=Gastrochaena pupina] Martesia |--M. obtecta (Sowerby 1849) [=Pholas obtecta] `--M. striata (Linnaeus 1758) [=Pholas striata] Jouanetia |--J. cumingi Sowerby 1849 `--J. globosa Q. & G. 1832 Fistulana mumia (Spengler 1783) [=Gastrochaena mumia] Nausitoria |--N. manni Wright 1865 `--N. thoracites (Gould 1856) [=Calobates thoracites] Fimbria Mühlfeld 1811 Margarita Leach 1814 [Margaritidae] Peloris Poli 1791 Turtonia Alder 1848 ‘Venilia’ Morton 1833 non Rafinesque 1815 Fasciculiconcha guangxiensis Pernopecten zhuzhouensis Edmondia |--E. goldfussi de Koninck 1885 |--E. rudis M’Coy 1853 `--E. sulcata (Phillips 1836) Aloidis [Aloididae] `--A. iredalei Quadrula |--Q. intermedia `--Q. sparsa Conradilla caelata Villosa trabilis [=Micromya trabilis] Epioblasma Dromus dromas Potamilus caprax [=Proptera capax] Fusconaia |--F. cuneolus `--F. edgariana Toxolasma cylindrella [=Carunculina cylindrella] Pleurobema plenum Cyrtonaias tampicoensis Plethobasis |--P. cicatricosus `--P. cooperianus Claraia |--C. aurita |--C. hubeiensis `--C. stachei Eumorphotis |--E. inaequicostata `--E. multiformis Plagiostoma beyrichii Entolioides subdemissus Eotrigonia semiundulata Arhouiella Diplodon [Hyriidae] `--D. chilensis (Gray 1828) Amblema plicata Pseudochama cornucopia (Reeve 1846) Papyridea |--P. australe (Sowerby 1834) `--P. papyraceum (Gmelin 1791) Angulus valtonis (Hanley 1844) Bartlettia Adams 1866 [Aetheriidae] `--*B. stefanensis (Moricand 1856) [=Etheria stefanensis] Bathymodiolus brevior
Avicula barklyi Moore 1870 [incl. A. alata Etheridge 1872 non Kloeden 1834, Pseudavicula alata]
Devonia perrieri (Malard 1903) [=Synapticola perrieri, Entovalva perrieri; incl. Montacuta donacina Bateson 1923]
Kidderia hamiltoni Finlay 1927 [=Mytilus pusillus Gould 1916 non Macgillivray 1843, Modiolarca pusilla]
Neogaimardia minutissima (Iredale 1908) [=Modiolarca minutissima, Gaimardia minutissima, Lasaea minutissima]
*Notolepton antipodum [=Kellia antipoda, Neolepton antipodum; incl. K. sanguinea, Ne. sanguineum]
*Parvithracia suteri Finlay 1927 [=Montacuta triquetra Suter 1913 non Verrill & Bush 1898]
Ryderia Wilton 1830 [incl. Culunana Lintz 1958, Nuculochlamys Paul 1941 (n. n.), Polidevcia Chernyshev 1951; Polidevciidae]
Ryderia doris (d’Orbigny 1849) [=Nucula doris, Nuculana doris; incl. Thracia aequata Tate 1870, Leda alpina Winkler 1859, L. banzensis Kuhn 1936, L. tenuistriata Piette 1856 non (Sowerby 1837), Nuculana (Dacryomya) toriyamae Hayami 1959]
Ryderia texturata (Terquem & Piette 1865) [=Leda texturata; incl. L. graphica Tate 1870, L. (Dacryomya) graphica, Nuculana (D.) konishii Hayami 1961, L. v-scripta Tate 1870]
* Type species of generic name indicated
[edit] References
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[edit] Credits
cladogram modified from originals by Mikko Haraamo by MAK021203 MAK030111 Palaeos com and Christopher 06:00, 5 July 2009 (UTC)
