Cnidaria phylogeny

From Palaeos

o Radiata (grade)
|?--Ctenophora
`--+--Cnidaria  
   |  |--Anthozoa
   |  `--+--Hydrozoa
   |     `--+--+--Scyphozoa
   |        |  `--Cubozoa
   |        `?-Conulata (polyphyletic?)
   `--Bilateria

This page actually contains one deliberate error. The Palaeozoic clade Conulata of sessile animals has often been suggested as a sister group to Scyphozoa (jellyfish), with one of the main features supporting this association being the presence of four-fold symmetry in both. In the absence of an alternative suggestion for the position of Conulata relative to extant taxa, we run with the most popular option here. Also, Ivantsov and Fedonkin (2002) suggested on the basis of the early conulate Vendoconularia (with six-fold symmetry) that Conulata is nested within the clade Trilobozoa. Therefore, to follow the logic of combining these two statements about the affinities of Conulata, Trilobozoa is here suggested to be the sister-group of Scyphozoa. However, the Trilobozoa ancestrally possess three-fold symmetry, which would then make the four-fold symmetries of Conulata and Scyphozoa convergent rather than truly homologous, removing a large part of the justification for associating them in the first place. For now, we leave the suggested position as is, as a warning of the dangers of basing phylogenies on derived rather than basal members of a clade.

<==Cnidaria
   |  i. s.: Anemonia sulcata
   |         Psammocoryne
   |         Stylatula elongata
   |         Bellonella rigida
   |         Polypodium hydriforme
   |--Thaumaptilon walcotti
   `--+--+--Myxozoa
      |  `--Medusozoa [Tetrazoa]
      |       |--+--Trilobozoa
      |       |  `--Scyphozoa
      |       `--+--Cubozoa
      |          |    |--Tripedalia cystophora
      |          |    `--Chironex fleckeri
      |          `--Hydrozoa
      `--Anthozoa [Ceriantipatharia]
           |  i. s.: Striatopora flexuosa
           |         Palaeocyclus
           |         Flosmaris mutsuensis
           |         Haliplanella lucia
           |         Epiactis japonica
           |         Neoclisiophyllum qaidamense
           |         Cravenia
           |         Rylstonia oulongbulukensis
           |         Palaeosmilia planum
           |         Dibuniphyllum
           |           |--D. bipartitum
           |           `--D. vaughani
           |         Kueichouphyllum sinense
           |         Hexaphyllia qinghaiensis
           |         Lonsdaleia stelcki
           |         Ekvasophyllum heijianshanensis
           |         Cystocyathoclisia sinensis
           |         Siphonophyllia oppressa
           |         Enygmophyllum
           |         Kakwiphyllum qinghaiensis
           |         Kassinella
           |         Lophophyllum densum
           |         Tabulogyra
           |         Calamoseris
           |         Calamophylliopsis
           |         Felixigyra
           |         Goniopora
           |           |--G. lobata
           |           `--G. tenuidens
           |         Heliofungia actiniformis
           |         Leptastrea purpurea
           |         Eunicella stricta
           |         Cyphastraea ocellina
           |         Acropora
           |           |--A. bruggemanni
           |           |--A. millepora
           |           `--A. palmata
           |         Galaxea aspera
           |         Agaricia agaricites (Linnaeus 1758)
           |         Montastrea
           |           |--M. annularis
           |           `--M. cavernosa
           |         Embolophyllum aequiseptatum
           |         Tipheophyllum bartrumi
           |         Nebulipora ovulum Eichwald 1854 (n. d.)
           |         Mackenzia costalis
           |         Diploria strigosa
           |         Lobophyllia hemprichii
           |         Mycedium elephantus
           |         Metridium senile
           |--Heterocorallia
           |--Hexacorallia
           |--Zoanthidea
           |--Cladochonus [Tabulata, Trichocorallia]
           |--Antipatharia
           |--Rugosa
           |--Cerianthus [Ceriantharia]
           |    `--C. filiformis
           `--Octocorallia
                |  i. s.: Ptilosaurus gurneyi
                |         Echmatocrinus Sprinkle 1973 (see below for synonymy)
                |           `--*E. brachiatus Sprinkle 1973
                |--Telestacea
                |--Alcyonaria
                |--Coenothecalia
                `--Gorgonia [Gorgonaria]
                     `--G. ventalina

Echmatocrinus Sprinkle 1973 [Echmatocrinea, Echmatocrinida, Echmatocrinidae]

* Type species of generic name indicated

[edit] References

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