buy discount online viagra
buy discount online viagra
| - Archosauromorpha, Archosauria (), Thecodontia () | |
|
:
|
|--
`--
|--
`--+--
`--+--
`--+--
`----
`--+--
`--+--
`----
`--
|--
| |--
| `--
`--buy discount online viagra
|
|
Archosauromorpha topics: | | | | | | "" | | |
|
<--- Picture goes here --->
buy discount online viagra |
buy discount online viagra
The Crurotarsi ("cross-ankles") are a group of created as a by in 1991 to supplant the old term . Sereno accidentally did not create a stem clade as had been his intention as the basal phylogeny of this is not really understood. In 2005 a exact definition was given by Sereno: all forms closer to than to (thus to rather than to ). As such, the Crurotarsi are by definition the sister group of the (all forms closer to Birds than Crocodiles). In terms of the old they correspond more or less to the Orders (minus the ) and
The Crurotarsi are one of the two primary daughter clades of the . The skull is often massively built, especially in contrast to ornithodires; the snout narrow and sometimes tending to be elongate, the neck is short and strong, and the limb posture ranging from typically reptilian sprawling to dinosaur or mammal-like erect (although this is achieved in a different way to dinosaurs and mammals). The body is often protected by two or more rows of armoured plates. Many forms reached large size; 3 meters or more in length.
Crurotarsans seem to have appeared during the late (early ); by the (late Middle Triassic) they dominated the terrestrial niches. Their heyday was the Late Triassic, during which time their ranks included erect-limbed , the crocodile-like , armoured , the large predatory , the small agile protocrocodilian , and a few other assorted groups.
At the , all of the large crurotarsans died out, allowing the to succeed them as rulers of the land. Only the little Sphenosuchia and the (Crocodylia) survived.
As the proceeded, the Protosuchia gave rise to more typically crocodile like forms (the Crocodylia proper), and, while Dinosaurs were the dominant animals on land, the crocodiles flourished in rivers, swamps, and the ocean; with far greater diversity than they have today.
With the the tables were turned - the ornithodiran dinosaurs died out except for the birds while the curotarsan crocodylians continued with little change.
Today, the , , and continue as the surviving representatives of this ancient and successful lineage.
| buy discount online viagra | |
| Taxonomy | Phylogeny |
: |
|--
`--buy discount online viagra
|--
`------
| `--+-- (?)
| `--+--
| `--+--
| `--
`----
`--+--
`----
|--
`----
`--
|
buy discount online viagra
The following trees are from . A number of have been excluded.
buy discount online viagra
<==o buy discount online viagra Sereno & Arcucci, 1990 sensu Parrish, 1993
`--o Gauthier & Padian, 1985
|--o †
| |?- † rusconii
| |-- † tenuisceps
| `--o †
| |-- †O. rusconii
| `-- †O. longidens
`--+-- † Meyer, 1861 [Parasuchia Huxley, 1875]
`--o Krebs, 1976 [1974?] sensu Parrish, 1993 (advanced crurotarsans, incl. crocodiles)
|--o † Romer, 1966 sensu Parrish, 1993
| |-- † ferox Krebs, 1965 [“Mandasuchus” Charig, 1957]
| `--+-- † galilei Reig, 1959
| |-- † kupferzellensis Gower, 1999 [transferred to Rauisuchidae?]
| `--o † Huene, 1942
| |-- †P. chiniquensis Huene, 1942
| `?- †P. loricatus Huene, 1942 [cospecific with P. chiniquensis sensu Parrish, 1993]
`--+?- † admixtus Romer, 1972 [possibly a dinosauromorph?! (Paul, 1988)]
|?-o † Young, 1973 [however, see for alternative position after Wu & Russell, 2001]
| |-- †T. shageduensis Wu, 1982 [or 1986]
| `-- †T. dabanensis Young, 1973
`--o Huene, 1942 sensu Parrish, 1993
|--+?- † callenderi Hunt, 1989
| `-- † Lydekker, 1889 [Aëtosauria] (aetosaurs)
`--o Huene, 1942 [non Bonaparte, 1982] sensu Parrish, 1993
|-- † Huene, 1942 (rauisuchids)
`--o Parrish, 1993
|-- † stipanicicorum Romer, 1972a
`--+-- † Nopsca, 1928 [1923] [incl. Chatterjeeidae Long & Murry, 1995]
`--o Benton & Walker, 2002
|-- † granti Newton, 1894 [Erpetosuchidae Watson, 1917] [incl. Parringtonia gracilis??]
`-- Walker, 1968 (crocodile-like archosaurs)
buy discount online viagra
<==o Suchia Krebs, 1976 [1974?] sensu Parrish, 1993
|--o †Prestosuchidae Romer, 1966 sensu Parrish, 1993
| |-- †Ticinosuchus ferox Krebs, 1965 [“Mandasuchus” Charig, in Krebs, 1957 (nomen nudum)]
| `--+-- †Saurosuchus galilei Reig, 1959
| |-- †Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Gower, 1999 [transferred to Rauisuchidae?]
| `--o †Prestosuchus Huene, 1942
| `-- †P. chiniquensis Huene, 1942
`--+?- †Lewisuchus admixtus Romer, 1972 [possibly a dinosauromorph?! (Paul, 1988)]
|?-o †Turfanosuchus Young, 1973 [however, see for alternative position after Wu & Russell, 2001]
| |-- †T. shageduensis Wu, 1982 [or 1986]
| `-- †T. dabanensis Young, 1973
`--o Rauisuchiformes Huene, 1942 sensu Parrish, 1993
|--+?- †Revueltosaurus callenderi Hunt, 1989 [?incl. †Krzyzanowskisaurus hunti (Heckert, 2002) Heckert, 2005 (tooth-taxa)]
| `-- †Aetosauria Lydekker, 1889 [Aëtosauria] (kärsäkrokotiilit; aetosaurs)
`--o Rauisuchia Huene, 1942 [non Bonaparte, 1982] sensu Parrish, 1993
|-- †Rauisuchidae Huene, 1942 (rauisuchids)
`--o Paracrocodylomorpha Parrish, 1993
|-- †Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum Romer, 1972a
`--+--o Bathyotica Benton & Walker, 2002
| |-- †Erpetosuchus granti Newton, 1894 [Erpetosuchidae Watson, 1917] [incl. Parringtonia gracilis??]
| `-- Crocodylomorpha Walker, 1968 (krokotiilimaiset arkosaurit; crocodile-like archosaurs)
`--o †
|--o † Kuhn, 1964 [Ctenosauridae Kuhn, 1961] [incl. †Lotosauridae Zhang, 1975; †Shuvosauridae Chatterjee, 1993; †Chatterjeeidae Long & Murry, 1995]
| |-- † koeneni (v. Huene) Kuhn 1964 [Ctenosaurus von Huene, 1902 (non Ctenosaurus Fitzinger, 1843)]
| |-- † walkeri Galton, 1985
| |-- † babbitti Welles, 1947; M.Trias. SWNA.
| |-- † edentus Zhang, 1975; U.Trias. EAs.
| `--+?- † longicervix Alcober & Parrish, 1997
| |-- † inexpectatus Chatterjee, 1993 [incl. †Chatterjeea elegans Long & Murry, 1995 (Mueller, 2003, and Nesbitt & Norell, 2006)] U.Trias. SWNA.
| `-- † okeeffeae Nesbitt & Norell, 2006; U.Trias. SWNA.
`--o †Poposauridae Nopsca, 1928 [1923]
|-- † gracilis Mehl, 1915 (non? Nopsca, 1921)
`-- † langstoni Long & Murry, 1995 [Lythrosaurus (lapsus calami)] [cogeneric with Poposaurus?? (Mueller, 2003)]
buy discount online viagra
<==o Suchia Krebs, 1976 [1974?] sensu Parrish, 1993
|-- †Saurosuchus galilei Reig, 1959
`--+-- †Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Gower, 2000?
|--o †Prestosuchidae Romer, 1966 sensu Parrish, 1993
| |?- †Ticinosuchus ferox Krebs, 1965 ["Mandasuchus" Charig, 1957]
| |-- †Tikisaurus romeri Chatterjee & Majumdar, 1987
| `--o †Prestosuchus Huene, 1942
| |-- †P. chiniquensis Huene, 1942
| `?- †P. loricatus Huene, 1942 [cospecific with P. chiniquensis sensu Parrish, 1993]
|?- †Rauisuchidae Huene, 1942 (karhukrokotiilit; rauisuchids)
|??- †Lewisuchus admixtus Romer, 1972 [possibly a dinosauromorph?! (Paul, 1988)]
|?-o †Turfanosuchus Young, 1973 [however, see for alternative position after Wu & Russell, 2001]
| |-- †T. shageduensis Wu, 1982 [or 1986]
| `-- †T. dabanensis Young, 1973
`--+-- †Aetosauria Lydekker, 1889 [Aëtosauria] (aetosaurs)
`--o Paracrocodylomorpha Parrish, 1993
|-- †Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum Romer, 1972a
`--+-- †Poposauridae Nopsca, 1928 [1923] [incl. Chatterjeeidae Long & Murry, 1995]
`--o Bathyotica Benton & Walker, 2002
|-- †Erpetosuchus granti Newton, 1894 [Erpetosuchidae Watson, 1917] [incl. Parringtonia gracilis??]
`-- Crocodylomorpha Walker, 1968 (crocodile-like archosaurs)
buy discount online viagra
- Arcucci, A. B. & Marsicano, C. A., 1998: A distictive new archosaur from the Middle Triassic (Los Chañares Formation) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #1, pp. 228-232
- Benton, M. J. & Walker, A. D., 2002: Erpetosuchus, a crocodile-like basal archosaur from the Late Triassic of Elgin, Scotland. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 136, #1, pp. 25-47
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
- Creisler, B. (& Poling, J.,) 2003: Rauisuchia Translation and Pronunciation guide. (Updated: 2003-07-07)
- Doyle, K. D. & Sues, H.-D., 1995: Phytosaurs (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic New Oxford Formation of York County, Pennsylvania. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 15, #3, pp. 545-553
- iNet: Dinosauria.com: ; [visited: 2006-01-27]
- Gower, D. J., 2002: Braincase evolution in suchian archosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida): evidence from the rauisuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 136, #1, pp. 49-76
- Hunt, A. P., Lucas, S. G. & Spielmann, J. A., 2005: The postcranial skeleton of Revueltosaurus callenderi (Archosauria: Crurotarsi) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona and New Mexico, USA. pp. 67-75
in Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G., (eds.) 2005: Vertebrate Paleontology in Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin: #29 [from abstract]
- Luo, Z, & Wu, X-C., 1994: The small tetrapods of the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan, China. 251-270 in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. (eds.) 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, New York. 1994. x-435
- Mueller, B., 2003: Personal correspondence (MH)
- Nesbitt, S. J., 2003: Arizonasaurus and its implications for archosaur divergence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 270 (Supplement 2), pp. S234-S237
- Nesbitt, S. J., 2005: Osteology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaur Arizonasaurus babbitti. Historical Biology: Vol. 17, #1-4, pp. 19-47
- Nesbitt, S. J. & Norell, M. A., 2006: Extreme convergence in the body plans of an early suchian (Archosauria) and ornithomimid dinosaurs (Theropoda). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Advanced online publication, pp. 1-4
- Olsen, P. E., Sues, H.-D. & Norell, M. A., 2000: First record of Erpetosuchus (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Late Triassic of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #4, pp. 633-636
- Parrish, J. M. 1993: Phylogeny of the Crocodylotarsi, with Reference to Archosaurian and Crurotarsan Monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 13, #3, pp. 287-308
- Parker, W. G., Irmis, R. B., Nesbitt, S. J., Martz, J. W. & Browne, L. S., 2005: The Late Triassic pseudosuchian Revueltosaurus callenderi and its implications for the diversity of early ornithischian dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 272, pp. 963-969
- Sereno, P. C. 1991: Basal Archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, Supplement to #4, Memoir 2. pp. ii-53
- Sues, H.-D., 1992: A remarkable new armored archosaur from the Upper Triassic of Virginia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 12, #2, pp. 142-149
- Sues, H.-D., Olsen, P. E. & Kroehler, P. A., 1994: Small tetrapods from the Upper Triassic of the Richmond basin (Newark Supergroup), Virginia. 161-170 in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. (eds.) 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, New York. 1994. x-435
buy discount online viagra
Introduction MAK050225 (), Phylpogeny © Mikko Haaramo 2003, 2005