Drosophilidae

From Palaeos

[edit] Description

Drosophilidae is one of two "fruit" fly families, though, technically, they're also known as "vinegar" or "pomace" flies. Unlike the "true" fruit flies, of Tephritidae, most drosophilid fruit flies lay their eggs in rotting fruit, or fungal matter, with a few Hawaiian species parasitizing other insects.

[edit] Phylogeny

<==Drosophilidae
   |--Scaptomyza fuscitarsus
   |--Paraleucophenga Hendel 1914
   |    |--*P. invicta (Walker 1857) [=Leucophenga invicta]
   |    |--P. emeiensis (Sidorenko 1998)
   |    |--P. javana (Okada 1988)
   |    |--P. neojavanai Singh & Negi 1992
   |    |--P. semiplunata (Duda 1939)
   |    |--P. shanyinensis (Chen & Toda 1994)
   |    |--P. shimai (Okada 1988)
   |    `--P. todai Fartyal & Singh 2004
   |--Scaptodrosophila Duda 1923
   |    |--*S. scaptomyzoidea Duda 1923
   |    `--S. latifasciaeformis
   `--Drosophila Fallén 1823 (see below for synonymy)
        |  i. s.: D. affinis
        |         D. aldrichi
        |         D. algonquin
        |         D. americana
        |           |--D. a. americana
        |           `--D. a. texana
        |         D. ananassae
        |         D. artificialis
        |         D. athabasca
        |         D. azteca
        |         D. capricorni
        |         D. earlei
        |         D. equinoxialis
        |         D. fumipennis
        |         D. guttifera
        |         D. heteroneura
        |         ‘*Tanygastrella’ hypopygialis Duda 1924
        |         D. lacicola
        |         D. macrospina
        |           |--D. m. macrospina
        |           |--D. m. limpiensis
        |           `--D. m. ohioensis
        |         D. mauritiana
        |         ‘*Adrosophila’ minuta Séguy 1938
        |         D. miranda
        |         D. montana
        |         D. mulleri
        |         ‘*Spuriostyloptera’ multipunctata Duda 1923
        |         D. nasutoides
        |         D. nebulosa
        |         D. neorepleta
        |         D. nigrospiracula
        |         D. novamericana
        |         D. orientacea
        |         D. paulistorum
        |         D. persimilis
        |         D. prosaltans
        |         D. quadrilineata de Meijere 1911 [=*Chaetodrosophilella quadrilineata]
        |         D. saltans
        |         D. sechellia
        |         D. silvestris
        |         D. sturtevanti
        |         D. subobscura
        |         D. sulcata
        |         D. teissieri
        |         D. transversa
        |         D. tropicalis
        |         D. vibrissina
        |         D. willistoni
        |         D. (Paradrosophila Duda 1923)
        |           `--D. (*P.) pictipennis Kertész 1901
        |         D. (Spinulophila Duda 1923)
        |           `--D. (*S.) signata (Duda 1923) [=*Spinulophila signata]
        |--D. (Dorsilopha) busckii
        `--+--D. (Drosophila)
           `--D. (Sophophora)
                |--+--D. (S.) obscura
                |  `--D. (S.) pseudoobscura
                `--+--D. (S.) erecta
                   |--D. (S.) melanogaster Meigen 1830
                   |--D. (S.) simulans
                   `--D. (S.) yakuba

Drosophila Fallén 1823 [incl. Adrosophila Séguy 1938, Chaetodrosophilella Duda 1923, Chaetodrosophila (l. c.), Spuriostyloptera Duda 1923, Tanygastrella Duda 1924]

* Type species of genus indicated

[edit] References

Campbell, N. A. 1996. Biology (4th ed.) The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.: Menlo Park (California).

Dayrat, B., C. Schander & K. A. Angielczyk. 2004. Suggestions for a new species nomenclature. Taxon 53 (2): 485-491.

Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press: New York.

Dobzhansky, T. 1951. Genetics and the Origin of Species, 3rd ed. Columbia University Press: New York.

Fartyal, R. S., & B. K. Singh. 2004. A new species of the genus Paraleucophenga from the Kumaon region, India (Insecta, Diptera, Drosophilidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 177-180.

Giordano, R., J. J. Jackson & H. M. Robertson. 1997. The role of Wolbachia bacteria in reproductive incompatibilities and hybrid zones of Diabrotica beetles and Gryllus crickets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94: 11439-11444.

Gorlov, I. P., & N. Tsurusaki. 2000. Analysis of the phenotypic effects of B chromosomes in a natural population of Metagagrella tenuipes (Arachnida: Opiliones). Heredity 84: 209-217.

Hwang, U. W., M. Friedrich, D. Tautz, C. J. Park & W. Kim. 2001. Mitochondrial protein phylogeny joins myriapods with chelicerates. Nature 413: 154-157.

Kreitman, M., & H. Akashi. 1995. Molecular evidence for natural selection. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 26: 403-422.

Li, W.-H., & D. Graur. 1991. Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution. Sinauer: Sunderland (MA).

Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: An annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1-98.

Mayr, E. 1947. Ecological factors in speciation. Evolution 1: 263-288.

Noor, M. A. F. 2003. Genes to make new species. Nature 423: 699-700.

Robe, L. J., V. L. S. Valente, M. Budnik & E. L. S. Loreto. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of the subgenus Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) with an emphasis on Neotropical species and groups: a nuclear versus mitochondrial gene approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 623-640.

Singh, B. K., S. Dash & R. S. Fartyal. 2004. Revision of the species of the subgenus Drosophila (Drosophila) of the Kumaon region, India, with the description of eight new species. Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 163-176.

Slatkin, M. 1985. Gene flow in natural populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16: 393-430.

Stebbins, G. L, & F. J. Ayala. 1981. Is a new evolutionary synthesis necessary? Science 213: 967-971.

Vogler, A. P., & R. Desalle. 1994. Diagnosing units of conservation management. Conservation Biology 8 (2): 354-363.

Credits

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