Eutheria

From Palaeos

<==Eutheria [Bunotheria, Insectivora, Leptictimorpha, Mesodonta, Tupaioidea]
   |  i. s.: Otlestes meiman
   |         Tomitherium Cope 1872
   |           |--T. angulatum (Cope 1875) [=Pelycodus angulatus]
   |           |--T. frugivorum (Cope 1875) [=Pelycodus frugivorus]
   |           |--T. jarrovii (Cope 1874) [=Prototomus jarrovii, Pelycodus jarrovii]
   |           |--T. rostratum
   |           `--T. tutum Cope 1876
   |         Tillodontia
   |           |--Anchippodus
   |           `--Tillotherium
   |         Sarcolemur Cope 1875 [incl. Antiacodon Marsh 1872 (n. n.)]
   |           |--S. crassus (Cope 1875) [=Antiacodon crassus]
   |           |--S. furcatus
   |           |--S. mentalis (Cope 1875) [=Antiacodon mentalis]
   |           `--S. pygmaeus
   |         Apheliscus Cope 1875
   |           `--A. insidiosus (Cope 1874) [=Prototomus insidiosus]
   |         Opisthotomus Cope 1875
   |           |--O. astutus Cope 1875
   |           `--O. flagrans Cope 1875
   |         Esthonyx Cope 1874
   |           |--E. bisulcatus Cope 1874 [incl. E. acer Cope 1874]
   |           `--E. burmeisterii Cope 1874
   |         Taeniodonta
   |--+--Murtoilestes Averianov & Skutchas 2001
   |  |    `--M. abramovi
   |  `--+--Prokennalestes Kielan-Jaworowska & Dashzeveg 1989
   |     |    |--P. minor
   |     |    `--P. trofimovi
   |     `--Eomaia Ji, Luo et al. 2002
   |          `--*E. scansoria Ji, Luo et al. 2002
   `--+--Bobolestes zenge
      `--+--Montanalestes Cifelli 1999
         |    `--M. keebleri
         `--+--Zhelestidae
            `--+--+--Eozhelestes mangit
               |  `--Paranyctoides
               |       |--P. aralensis
               |       |--P. maleficus
               |       |--P. megakeros
               |       `--P. sternbergi
               `--+--+--Cimolesta
                  |  `--Asioryctitheria
                  |       |--+--Kennalestes Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
                  |       |  |    `--K. gobiensis
                  |       |  `--+--Ukhaatherium nessovi
                  |       |     `--Asioryctes Kielan-Jaworowska 1975
                  |       |          `--A. nemegtensis
                  |       `--+--Bulaklestes kezbe
                  |          `--+--Uchkudukodon nessovi
                  |             `--Daulestes Trofimov & Nessov in Nessov & Trofimov 1979
                  |                  |--D. inobservabilis
                  |                  |--D. kulbeckensis
                  |                  `--D. nessovi
                  `--+--Deccanolestes
                     |    |--D. hislop
                     |    `--D. robustus
                     `--+--+--+--Placentalia
                        |  |  `--+--Purgatorius
                        |  |     |    |--P. janisae
                        |  |     |    `--P. unio
                        |  |     `--+--Protungulatum
                        |  |        |    |--P. donnae Sloan & van Valen 1965
                        |  |        |    |--P. gorgon
                        |  |        |    `--P. mckeeveri
                        |  |        `--Oxyprimus
                        |  |             |--O. erikseni
                        |  |             `--O. galadrielae van Valen 1978
                        |  `--Leptictidae
                        |       |--Leptictis
                        |       `--Gypsonictops Simpson 1927
                        |            |--G. hypoconus
                        |            |--G. illuminatus
                        |            `--G. lewisi
                        `--Zalambdalestidae
                             |--Kulbeckia kulbecke
                             `--+--Zhangolestes jiliensis
                                `--+--Zalambdalestes lechei
                                   |--Barunlestes butleri
                                   `--Alymlestes kielanae

* Type species of generic name indicated

[edit] References

Archibald, J. D., A. O. Averianov & E. G. Ekdale. 2001. Late Cretaceous relatives of rabbits, rodents, and other extant eutherian mammals. Nature 414: 62-65.

Asher, R. J., M. C. McKenna, R. J. Emry, A. R. Tabrum & D. G. Kron. 2002. Morphology and relationships of Apternodus and other extinct, zalambdodont, placental mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 273: 1-117.

Asher, R. J., M. J. Novacek & J. H. Geisler. 2003. Relationships of endemic African mammals and their fossil relatives based on morphological and molecular evidence. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 10 (1-2): 131-194.

Barnes, L. G., & E. Mitchell. 1978. Cetacea. In Evolution of African Mammals (V. J. Maglio & H. B. S. Cooke, eds.) pp. 582-602. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

Bigalke, R. C. 1978. Present-day mammals of Africa. In Evolution of African Mammals (V. J. Maglio & H. B. S. Cooke, eds.) pp. 1-16. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

Burton, J. A., & V. G. Burton. 1987. Collins Guide to the Rare Mammals of the World. Collins: London.

Cope, E. D. 1876. Report upon the extinct Vertebrata obtained in New Mexico by parties of the expedition of 1874. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (2): i-iv, 1-370.

Cote, S., L. Werdelin, E. R. Seiffert & J. C. Barry. 2007. Additional material of the enigmatic Early Miocene mammal Kelba and its relationship to the order Ptolemaiida. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104 (13): 5510-5515.

Fox, R. C., & B. G. Naylor. 2003. A Late Cretaceous taeniodont (Eutheria, Mammalia) from Alberta, Canada. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen 229 (3): 393-420.

Gatesy, J., & M. A. O’Leary. 2001. Deciphering whale origins with molecules and fossils. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16 (10): 562-570.

Ji, Q., Z.-X. Luo, C.-X. Yuan, J. R. Wible, J.-P. Zhang & J. A. Georg. 2002. The earliest known eutherian mammal. Nature 416: 816-822.

Luo, Z.-X., Q. Ji, J. R. Wible & C.-X. Yuan. 2003. An Early Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution. Science 302: 1934-1940.

Meng, J., Y. Hu & C. Li. 2003. The osteology of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications for phylogeny and evolution of Glires. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 275: 1-247.

Muizon, C. de, & R. L. Cifelli. 2000. The “condylarths” (archaic Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia): Implications on the origin of the South American ungulates. Geodiversitas 22 (1): 47-150.

O'Leary, M. A. 1998. Phylogenetic and morphometric reassessment of the dental evidence for a mesonychian and cetacean clade. In The Emergence of Whales (J. G. M. Thewissen, ed.) pp. 133-161. Plenum Press: New York.

O’Leary, M. A. 2001. The phylogenetic position of cetaceans: Further combined data analyses, comparisons with the stratigraphic record and a discussion of character optimization. American Zoologist 41: 487-506.

Savage, R. J. G. 1978. Carnivora. In Evolution of African Mammals (V. J. Maglio & H. B. S. Cooke, eds.) pp. 249-267. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

Thewissen, J. G. M., E. M. Williams, L. J. Roe & S. T. Hussain. 2001. Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. Nature 413: 277-281.

Wible, J. R., G. W. Rougier, M. J. Novacek & R. J. Asher. 2007. Cretaceous eutherians and Laurasian origin for placental mammals near the K/T boundary. Nature 447: 1003-1006.

Credits

Christopher 16:13, 5 July 2008 (PDT)