Fabales
From Palaeos
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[edit] Introduction
- from Wikipedia:
Fabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae), Quillajaceae, Polygalaceae or milkworts (including the families Diclidantheraceae, Moutabeaceae, and Xanthophyllaceae), and Surianaceae. Under the Cronquist system and some other plant classification systems, the order Fabales contains only the family Fabaceae. The other families treated in the Fabales by the APG II classification were placed in separate orders by Cronquist, the Polygalaceae within its own order, the Polygalales, and the Quillajaceae and Surianaceae within the Rosales.
The Fabaceae, as the third largest plant family in the world, contains most of the diversity of the Fabales, the other families making up a comparatively small portion of the order's diversity. Research in the order is largely focused on the Fabaceae, due in part to its great biological diversity, and to its importance as food plants. The Polygalaceae is fairly well researched among plant families, in part due to the large diversity of the genus Polygala, and also due to members of the family, like the Fabaceae, being food plants for various Lepidoptera species.[1][2] While taxonomists using molecular phylogenetic techniques find strong support for the order, it should be noted that there remain questions about the morphological relationships of the Quillajaceae and Surianaceae to the rest of the order, due in part to limited research on these families.[3]
[edit] Distribution
The Fabales are a cosmopolitan order of plants, except that only the subfamily Papilionoideae (Faboideae) of the Fabaceae are well dispersed throughout the northern part of the North Temperate Zone.[4]
[edit] Notes
[1] Janz, N; S Nylin (1998). "Butterflies and plants: A phylogenetic study". Evolution 52 (2): 486-502. Retrieved on 21 November 2006.
[2] DeVries, PJ; AI Chacon (1992). "Toward a better understanding of host use and biodiversity in riodinid butterflies". Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 31 (1-2): 103-126.
[3] Morgan, DR; Soltis, DE, Robertson KR (July 1994). "Systematic and evolutionary implications of rbcL sequence variation in Rosaceae". American Journal of Botany 81 (7): 890-903. DOI:10.2307/2445770.
[4] Stevens, PF (07 May 2006). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Missouri Botanical Garden.
[edit] Phylogeny
<==Fabales [Fabanae, Fabineae] |--Quillaja [Quillajaceae] |--Connaraceae | |--Connaroideae | `--Jollydora [Jollydoroideae] |--Surianaceae | |--Stylobasium | `--Recchia |--Polygalaceae | | i. s.: Polygala | | |--P. monspeliaca | | `--P. nicaeensis Risso ex Koch 1839 | | |--P. n. ssp. nicaeensis | | `--P. n. ssp. mediterranea Chodat 1889 | | Comesperma | | |--C. ciliatum | | |--C. integerrimum | | |--C. scoparium | | `--C. volubile | |--Xanthophyllum | `--Moutabeeae | |--Balgoya | `--+--Eriandra | `--Diclidanthera forrestii `--Fabaceae [Leguminosae] | i. s.: Glycine max | Vicia | Lathyrus | |--L. aphaca | |--L. cicera | |--L. clymenum | |--L. latifolius | |--L. maritimus [=Pisum maritimum] | |--L. ochrus | |--L. pratensis | |--L. sativus | `--L. tingitanus | Pisum | Cicer | |--C. arietinum | `--C. microphyllum | Lens | |--L. culinaris | |--L. ervoides | |--L. nigricans | `--L. orientalis | Phaseolus | |--P. lunatus | `--P. vulgaris | Lotus | |--L. conimbricensis | |--L. corniculatus | |--L. creticus | |--L. cytisoides | |--L. edulis | |--L. filicaulis | |--L. japonicus | |--L. pedunculatus | `--L. peregrinus | Onobrychis | |--O. aequidentata | |--O. caput-galli | |--O. sativa | `--O. viciifolia | Desmodium | |--D. incanum | |--D. tortuosum | |--D. triflorum [=Hedysarum triflorum; incl. Nicolsonia reptans] | `--D. umbellatum | Indigofera | |--I. anil | |--I. argentea | |--I. coerulea | |--I. hirsuta | |--I. monophylla | `--I. tinctoria | Albizia | |--A. falcataria [=Paraserianthes falcataria] | |--A. julibrissin | |--A. lebbek | `--A. lophantha | Tamarindus | Acaciophyllites | Cajanus cajan | Airgantha borneensis | Milletia | |--M. nieuwenhuisii | `--M. thonningii | Parkia | |--P. javanica | `--P. singularis | Spatholobus gyrocarpus | Vigna | |--V. marina | `--V. vexillata | Maniltoa | Kingiodendron | Serianthes | Rhynchosia minima | Dussia | Neptunia | |--N. oleracea [incl. Desmanthus lacustris, D. natans, Neptunia stolonifera] | `--N. triquetra [=Desmanthus triquetrus] | Calliandra | Gleditsia japonica [=Gleditschi japonica] | Lysiloma | Pogocybe | Schranckia | |--S. leptocarpa | `--S. leptophylla | Gymnocladus | Pentaclethra | Desmanthus virgatus [incl. D. leptophyllus, D. strictus] | Astragalus | Caragana | |--C. frutescens [=Robinia frutescens] | |--C. gerardiana | |--C. jubata | |--C. tragacanthoides | | |--C. t. var. tragacanthoides | | `--C. t. var. himalaica | `--C. versicolor | Chesneya | |--C. nubigena | `--C. polystichoides | |--C. p. ssp. polystichoides | `--C. p. ssp. bhutanica | Gueldenstaedtia himalaica | Hedysarum | |--H. campylocarpon | |--H. kumaonense | |--H. manaslense | |--H. sikkimense | `--H. spinosissimum | Medicago | Oxytropis | Parochetus communis | Stracheya tibetica | Trigonella | |--T. balansae | |--T. cariensis | |--T. emodi | |--T. foenum-graecum | |--T. monspeliaca | |--T. spicata | `--T. stellata | Lespedeza | Leucaena leucocephala | Ornithopus pinnatus | Robinia pseudacacia | Anagyris foetida | Anthyllis | |--A. hermanniae Linnaeus 1753 | |--A. montana | `--A. vulneraria | |--A. v. ssp. vulneraria | `--A. v. ssp. rubriflora | Ceratonia siliqua | Coronilla | |--C. emerus | |--C. montana | `--C. scorpioides | Hippocrepis | |--H. ciliata | `--H. unisiliquosa | Hymenocarpus circinnatus | Ononis reclinata | Scorpiurus | |--S. muricatus | `--S. subvillosus | Tripodium tetraphyllum | Alhagi graecorum | Melilotus | |--M. alba | |--M. indicus | |--M. leucantha | |--M. officinalis | `--M. parviflora | Petteria ramentacea | Maackia amurensis | |--M. a. var. amurensis | `--M. a. var. buergeri | ‘Burtonia’ Brown 1811 non Salisbury 1807 | Retama | Adenocarpus | |--A. foliolosus | `--A. viscosus | Teline | Kennedia | |--K. carinata | `--K. prostrata | Oxylobium | |--O. capitatum | `--O. lanceolatum | Cercis siliquastrum Linnaeus 1753 |--Mimosoideae |--Caesalpinioideae `--Faboideae
* Type species of genus indicated
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[edit] Credits
CKT071031 (phylogeny, references)
Wikipedia (introduction, distribution, notes, page date 070410)
