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Gnathostomata is a that includes all jawed , including the (terrestial vertebrates). They first appeared in the .
The living gnathostomes divides into the - sharks, rays, and chimaeras - and the , which in turn divide into the - ray-finned fishes - and the - the lobe-finned fishes and the tetrapods. Two once important basal groups are extinct: the , perhaps the sister group of the osteichthyans, and the , who may be the sister group to all other gnathostomes.
The non-gnathostome craniates are traditionally refered to as the (from the Greek for "jawless"), but as this is a paraphyletc group it is increasingly abandoned as a formal taxon.