Hyloidea

From Palaeos

<==Hyloidea
   |--Rhinoderma [Rhinodermatidae]
   |    `--R. darwinii
   `--+--+--Centrolene [Centrolenidae]
      |  |    `--C. prosoblepon
      |  `--+--Bufonidae
      |     |    |--Bufo
      |     |    |--Osornophryne guacamayo
      |     |    `--Oreophrynella
      |     |         |--O. cryptica
      |     |         |--O. huberi
      |     |         |--O. quelchii
      |     |         `--O. vasquezi
      |     `--Dendrobatidae
      |          |--Dendrobates auratus
      |          |--Atopophrynus
      |          |--Colostethus
      |          `--Phyllobates
      `--+--Leptodactylidae
         |    |--Leptodactylus [Leptodactylinae]
         |    |    |--L. melanonotus
         |    |    |--L. ocellatus
         |    |    `--L. pentadactylus
         |    |--Eleutherodactylus
         |    |    |--E. cuneatus [incl. E. sierramaestrae]
         |    |    |--E. hedriki
         |    |    |--E. iberia
         |    |    |--E. portoricensis
         |    |    |--E. riparius
         |    |    |--E. (Euhyas) rivularis Díaz, Estrada & Hedges 2001
         |    |    |--E. turquinensis
         |    |    |--E. unicolor
         |    |    `--E. w-nigrum
         |    |--Craugastor Cope 1862
         |    |    |--C. andi (Savage 1974)
         |    |    |--C. chingopetaca Köhler & Sunyer 2006
         |    |    |--C. crassidigitus (Taylor 1952)
         |    |    |--C. cuaquero (Savage 1980)
         |    |    |--C. emcelae (Lynch 1985)
         |    |    |--C. fitzingeri (Schmidt 1858)
         |    |    |--C. longirostris (Boulenger 1898)
         |    |    |--C. melanostictus (Cope 1875)
         |    |    |--C. monnichorum (Dunn 1940)
         |    |    |--C. phasma (Lips & Savage 1996)
         |    |    |--C. raniformis (Boulenger 1898)
         |    |    |--C. rayo (Savage & DeWeese 1979)
         |    |    |--C. tabasarae (Savage, Hollingsworth et al. 2004)
         |    |    `--C. talamancae (Dunn 1931)
         |    `--Proceratophrys
         |         |--P. apendiculata
         |         `--P. boiei
         `--+--Ceratophrys [Ceratophryinae]
            |    |--C. cornuta
            |    `--C. ornata
            `--Hylidae

* Type species of generic name indicated

References

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Biju, S. D., & F. Bossuyt. 2003. New frog family from India reveals an ancient biogeographical link with the Seychelles. Nature 425: 711-714.

Cokendolpher, J. C., & P. G. Mitov. 2007. Natural enemies. In Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones (R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet, eds.) pp. 339-373. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

Díaz, L. M., A. R. Estrada & S. B. Hedges. 2001. A new riparial frog of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from eastern Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science 37 (1-2): 63-71.

Dixon, J. R. & P. Soini. 1986. The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. Milwaukee Public Museum: Milwaukee.

Falla, R. A., R. B. Sibson & E. G. Turbott. 1981. Collins Guide to the Birds of New Zealand and Outlying Islands 2nd ed. with addenda. Collins: Auckland.

Fritts, T. H., & G. H. Rodda. 1998. The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: a case history of Guam. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 113-140.

Gorlov, I. P., & N. Tsurusaki. 2000. Staggered clines in a hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the harvestman Gagrellopsis nodulifera (Arachnida: Opiliones). Evolution 54 (1): 176-190.

Hedges, S. B., & R. Thomas. 2001. At the lower size limit in amniote vertebrates: A new diminutive lizard from the West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science 37 (3-4): 168-173.

How, R. A., & J. Dell. 2004. Reptile assemblage of the Abydos Plain, north-eastern Pilbara, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (3): 85-95.

Köhler, G., & J. Sunyer. 2006. A new species of rain frog (genus Craugastor) of the fitzingeri group from Río San Juan, southeastern Nicaragua (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 261-266.

Liu, C.-C. 1950. Amphibians of western China. Fieldiana: Zoology Memoirs 2: 1-400.

Machado, G., P. C. Carrera, A. M. Pomini & A. J. Marsaioli. 2005. Chemical defense in harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones): do benzoquinone secretions deter invertebrate and vertebrate predators? Journal of Chemical Ecology 31 (11): 2519-2539.

Mertens, R. 1955. Die Amphibien und Reptilien der Insel Elba. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 287-296.

Miller, S. A., & J. P. Harley. 1996. Zoology (3rd ed.) Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

Monnet, J.-M., & M. I. Cherry. 2002. Sexual size dimorphism in anurans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B – Biological Sciences 269: 2301-2307.

O'Brien, C. O. 1981. A. A. Book of New Zealand Wildlife: A guide to the native and introduced animals of New Zealand. Lansdowne Press: Auckland.

Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis & D. C. Cannatella. 2004. The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58 (11): 2517-2535.

Pellegrino, K. C. M., M. T. Rodrigues, Y. Yonenaga-Yassuda & J. W. Sites Jr. 2001. A molecular perspective on the evolution of microteiid lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae), and a new classification for the family. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 315-338.

Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

Thompson, G. G., P. C. Withers, K. A. McMaster & V. A. Cartledge. 2005. Burrows of desert-adapted frogs, Neobatrachus aquilonius and Notaden nichollsi. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (1): 17-23.

Villarreal, O., C. Señaris & C. DoNascimiento. 2002. Contribución al conocimiento faunístico del Wei-Assipu-tepui, macizo del Roraima, con énfasis en la anurofauna y opiliofauna. Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Espeleología 36: 46-50.

Credits

Christopher 19:02, 14 August 2008 (PDT)