Ostreidae

From Palaeos.org

o Pteriomorpha
`--o OSTREOIDA 
   |--o Ostreina
   |  |--o Ostreoidea 
   |  |  |?- Paleolophidae
   |  |  |-- Ostreidae 
   |  |  `-- Gryphaeidae
   |  |--Dimyidae
   |  `--Plicatulidae
   `--o Pectinina
      |--o Pectinoidea
      |  |-- Pectinidae [+Entoliidae]
      |  |-- Spondylidae
      |  |-- Syncyclonemidae
      |  `-- Propeamussiidae [+Amusiidae]
      `--o Anomiodea
         |-- Anomiidae
         `-- Placunidae

[edit] Introduction

The members of the family Ostreidae are the true oysters, and include all the species that are commonly eaten under the title "oyster". They do not include the Pearl Oysters; these species are only distantly related to the true oysters, since although they are also bivalves, they are members of the family Pteriidae, in the order Ostreoida.

the following two paragraphs are from wikipedia:

Like scallops (family Pectinidae), true oysters have a central adductor muscle, which means that the shell has a characteristic central scar, marking its point of attachment. Oysters have a larger adductor muscle than scallops. Their shell shape tends to be irregular as a result of attaching to other objects.

Both oviparous (egg bearing) and larviparous (larvae bearing) species are known within the Ostreidae. Both types are hermaphrodites. However, the larviparous species (which include the Edible Oyster Ostrea edulis) show a pattern of alternating sex within each individual, whereas the oviparous species (such as the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica) are simultaneous hermaphrodites producing either female or male gametes according to circumstances.

[edit] Description

[edit] Characters

Left (cemented) valve very convex. Shell with variable ornament, edge folded and lamellar (Lindner 1977 p.105)

[edit] Reference

• Lindner, Gert, 1977, Seashells of the World, translated and edited by Gwynne Vevers, Sydney: Australia and New Zealand Book Co.,

[edit] Information

Environment: Shallow water or intertidal

Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan

Stratigraphic range: Late Triassic to Recent

[edit] Classification

• Family Ostreidae Rafinesque 1815 (true oysters)
  • Subfamily Crassostreinae
    • Genera Crassostrea, Saccostrea, Striostrea
  • Subfamily Liostreinae Malchus, 1990
    • Genera Liostrea, Praeexogyra
  • Subfamily Lophinae Vyalov, 1936
    • Genera Alectryonella, Anomiostrea, Dendostrea, Lopha
  • Subfamily Ostreinae Rafinesque 1815
    • Genera Booneostrea, Nanostrea, Ostrea, Planostrea, Pretostrea, Pustulostrea

[edit] Phylogeny

[edit] Dendrogram

<==Ostreinae [Ostreidae, Ostreina]
   |--Liostrea
   |    |--L. hisingeri
   |    `--L. irregularis
   |--Praeexogyra
   |    |--*P. acuminata
   |    `--P. hebridica [=Ostrea hebridica]
   |--Crassostrea Sacco 1897
   |    |--C. angulata
   |    |--C. cusseta
   |    |--C. gigas (Thunberg 1793)
   |    |--C. glomerata
   |    |--C. kawauchidensis
   |    |--C. ryosekiensis
   |    |--C. sikamea
   |    |--C. soleniscus
   |    |--C. tetoriensis Komatsu, Chinzei et al. 2002
   |    |--C. virginica
   |    `--C. yoshimoensis
   `--Ostrea Linnaeus 1758
        |--O. angasi
        |--O. arenicola
        |--O. boucheroni
        |--O. cerata Sowerby 1871
        |--O. clotbeyi
        |--O. cloti
        |--O. corrugata
        |--O. cristagalli (Linnaeus 1758) [=Mytilus cristagalli]
        |--O. cucullata Born 1778
        |--O. curvirostris
        |--O. dichotoma
        |--O. edulis Linnaeus 1758
        |--O. edwilsoni Stoyanov 1949
        |--O. elegans
        |--O. fraasi
        |--O. glomerata
        |--O. imbricata Lamarck 1819
        |--O. incurva Nilsson 1827
        |--O. lutaria
        |--O. mackayi
        |--O. manubriata
        |--O. mordax
        |--O. nigromarginata Sowerby 1871
        |--O. reili
        |--O. reniformis
        |--O. tatei
        |--O. tuberculata Lamarck 1804
        |--O. virginica
        |--O. wegmanniana
        `--O. wollastoni Finlay 1927 [=O. incurva Hutton 1873 non Nilsson 1827]

* Type species of generic name indicated

[edit] References

Allan, R. S. 1927. The geology and palaeontology of the Lower Waihao Basin, south Canterbury, New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 265-309.

Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117-141.

Carlton, J. T., J. B. Geller, M. L. Reaka-Kudla & E. A. Norse. 1999. Historical extinctions in the sea. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30: 315-338.

Castro, P., & M. E. Huber. 1997. Marine Biology, 2nd ed. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320-485.

Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488-533.

Gingerich, P. D. 1992. Marine mammals (Cetacea and Sirenia) from the Eocene of Gebel Mokattam and Fayum, Egypt: Stratigraphy, age, and paleoenvironments. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 30: i-ix, 1-84.

Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45-80.

Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

Hodges, P. 2000. The Early Jurassic Bivalvia from the Hettangian and Lower Sinemurian of south-west Britain. Part. 1. Monograph of the Paleontographical Society 614: 1-64.

Komatsu, T., K. Chinzei, M. S. Zakhera & H. Matsuoka. 2002. Jurassic soft-bottom oyster Crassostrea from Japan. Palaeontology 45 (6): 1037-1048.

Leloup, E. 1970. Recherches sur l'ostreiculture dans le bassin de chasse d'Ostende. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 46 (6): 1-24.

Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology (3rd ed.) Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

[edit] Credits

Phylogeny Christopher 11:51, 30 June 2009 (UTC); Introduction, Description, etc MAK061205