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In , phylogenetics Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of (e.g., , ). Also known as phylogenetic systematics, phylogenetics treats a species as a group of lineage-connected individuals over time. Phylogenetics can be defined as , with the organizing principle being evolution. , which is an offshoot of, but not a logical consequence of, phylogenetic systematics, constitutes a means of classifying groups of organisms according to degree of evolutionary relatedness.
The most commonly used methods to infer phylogenies include , , and -based . construct trees based on overall similarity which is often assumed to approximate phylogenetic relationships. All methods depend upon an implicit or explicit describing the evolution of characters observed in the species included, and are usually used for where the characters are aligned or sequences.
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