Podocarpaceae

From Palaeos.org

o Gymnospermae
`--o Coniferophyta
   |?- Ginkgoopsida
   `--+?- Gnetales
      `--o PINOPSIDA
         |?- †Cordaitales
         `--+-- †Voltziales
            `--+?-Taxales 
               `--o Coniferales
                  |?- †Miroviaceae
                  |?- †Protopinaceae
                  |?- †Palissyaceae
                  |-- †Cheirolepidiaceae
                  |-- Podocarpaceae
                  |-- Araucariaceae
                  `--+-- †Pararaucariaceae
                     |-- Pinaceae
                     |--Sciadopityaceae 
                     `--o Cupressaceae sensu lato
                        |-- Cupressaceae 
                        `-- Cephalotaxaceae 

Podocarpus macrophyllus

Introduction

this section from Wikipedia:

Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, with 18-19 genera and about 170-200 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. The family is a classic member of the Antarctic flora, with its main centres of diversity in Australasia, particularly New Caledonia, Tasmania and New Zealand, and to a slightly lesser extent, Malesia and South America (in the latter, primarily in the Andes mountains). Several genera extend north of the equator into Indo-China and/or the Philippines. Podocarpus additionally reaches as far north as southern Japan and southern China in Asia and Mexico in the Americas, and Nageia into southern China and southern India. Two genera also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, the widespread Podocarpus and the endemic Afrocarpus.

One species, Parasitaxus usta, is unique as the only known parasitic conifer. It occurs on New Caledonia, where it is parasitic on another member of the Podocarpaceae, Falcatifolium taxoides.

The genus Phyllocladus, sometimes included in Podocarpaceae on genetic evidence, is treated by some botanists in its own family Phyllocladaceae.

Phylogeny

<==Podocarpaceae
   |--Eromangia Pole 2000
   |    `--*E. douglasii Pole 2000
   |--Thargomindia Pole 2000
   |    `--*T. wordsmithiana Pole 2000
   |--Prumnopitys
   |    |--P. ferruginea
   |    |--P. spicata
   |    `--P. taxifolia
   |--Phyllocladus
   |    |--P. alpinus
   |    |--P. aspleniifolius [=Podocarpus aspleniifolius]
   |    |--P. glaucus
   |    |--P. hypophyllus
   |    `--P. trichomanoides
   |--Dacrycarpus
   |    |--D. cumingii
   |    |--D. dacrydioides
   |    |--D. kinabaluensis
   |    `--D. steupii
   |--Dacrydium
   |    |--D. beccarii
   |    |--D. bidwillii
   |    |--D. biforme
   |    |--D. colensoi
   |    |--D. comosum
   |    |--D. cupressinum
   |    |--D. dacrydioides
   |    |--D. elatum
   |    |--D. excelsum
   |    |--D. intermedium
   |    |--D. kirkii
   |    |--D. laxifolium
   |    |--D. magnum
   |    |--D. medium
   |    |--D. pectinatum
   |    |--D. pendulum
   |    `--D. taxifolium
   `--Podocarpus
        |--P. acutifolius
        |--P. atjehensis
        |--P. dacrydioides
        |--P. drouynianus
        |--P. ferrugineus
        |--P. hallii
        |--P. imbricatus
        |--P. lawrencei
        |--P. macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet 1818 [=P. macrophylla]
        |--P. micropedunculatus
        |--P. nagi
        |--P. nivalis
        |--P. rotundus
        |--P. rumphii
        |--P. spathoides
        |--P. spicatus
        `--P. totara

* Type species of generic name indicated

References

Andersen, J. C. 1927. Popular names of New Zealand plants. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 905-977.

Baars, R., D. Kelly & A. D. Sparrow. 1998. Liane distribution within native forest remnants in two regions of the South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 22 (1): 71-85.

Barnes, R. W., & A. C. Rozefelds. 2000. Comparative morphology of Anodopetalum (Cunoniaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 13 (2): 267-282.

Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1-E44.

Colenso, W. 1845. Memoranda of an excursion, made in the Northern Island of New Zealand, in the summer of 1841-2; intended as a contribution towards the natural productions of the New Zealand groupe: with particular reference to their botany (concluded). Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science 2: 241-308.

Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323-402.

Heads, M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: Vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10 (1): 311-449.

Johnston, P. R. 2000. Rhytismatales of Australia: The genus Coccomyces. Australian Systematic Botany 13 (2): 199-243.

Lack, H. W., & H. Ohba. 1998. Die Xylothek des Chikusai Kato. Willdenowia 28: 263-276.

Martin, N. A., & L. A. Mound. 2004. Host plants for some New Zealand thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia). New Zealand Entomologist 27: 119-123.

Morikawa, H., A. Higaki, M. Nohno, M. Takahashi, M. Kamada, M. Nakata, G. Toyohara, Y. Okamura, K. Matsui, S. Kitani, K. Fujita, K. Irifune & N. Goshima. 1998. More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 180-190.

Pole, M. S. 2000. Mid-Cretaceous conifers from the Eromanga Basin, Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 13 (2): 153-197.

Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.

Quinn, C. J. & Price, R. A. Phylogeny of the Southern Hemisphere Conifers. Proc. Fourth International Conifer Conference 129-136 (2003).

Skog, J. E. 2003. Report of the Committee for Fossil Plants: 4. Taxon 52: 341.

Song, D., & Q. Wang. 2003. Systematics of the longicorn beetle genus Coptomma Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae). Invertebrate Systematics 17: 429-447.

Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

External link

• Gymnosperm Database - Podocarpaceae

Credits

Christopher 00:01, 11 May 2009 (UTC) (phylogeny and references); Wikipedia (introduction)