Proteobacteria

From Palaeos

The Proteobacteria form the largest bacterial clade – well-recognised by molecular data, but short on morphological synapomorphies. They possess a large insertion in RNA polymerase and DnaK. While the genus Proteus is included within Proteobacteria, the division is not named after the genus. Instead, both are named after the Greek shape-changing god Proteus – in the case of Proteobacteria, to reflect the wide range of morphologies covered by the clade. Includes photosynthetic purple sulphur (e.g. Rhodocyclus) and non-sulphur (e.g. Rhodobacter) bacteria, intracellular parasites (e.g. Rickettsia), colonial formers of fruiting bodies (Myxococcales), and a wide range of heterotrophs, such as probably the most well-known bacterium of all, Escherichia coli. Divided by molecular data into five large clades, the α-, β-, γ-, δ-, and ε-proteobacteria. Examples – [Alphaproteobacteria] Rhodobacter, Rhizobium, Rickettsia; [Betaproteobacteria] Neisseria, Spirillum; [Gammaproteobacteria] Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Escherichia; [Deltaproteobacteria] Bdellovibrio, Myxococcus; [Epsilonproteobacteria] Helicobacter. Of the five classes, it seems likely that the α-, β- and γ-proteobacteria form a clade, with the α-proteobacteria sister to the other two (which form the Chromatibacteria in the tree below).

<==Proteobacteria [Thiobacteria]
   |  i. s.: Accumulibacter phosphatis
   |         Epulopiscium fishelsoni
   |         Bacteriovorax stolpii
   |         Zymomonas mobilis
   |--Deltabacteria
   `--+--+--Desulfurella acetivorans
      |  `--Epsilonproteobacteria
      `--Rhodobacteria
           |  i. s.: Piscirickettsia salmonis
           |--Chromatibacteria
           `--Alphabacteria

* Type species of generic name indicated

[edit] References

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