Ranunculidae

From Palaeos

For most botanists, the basic unit of higher taxonomy is the family, and taxa at ranks between family and class are actually not often used. In the case of flowering plants, this may partially reflect the instability of such taxa - over the years, a range of different classifications have appeared, some significantly in disagreement with each other. Probably the most commonly used system at the present time is the phylogeny-based classification proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, originally in the 1990s but continuing to be revised as further research becomes available. A notable alternative is that of Thorne (2000), which superficially differs considerably from the APG. Thorne does not base his classification on an explicit phylogeny, but the differences between the two systems are probably more due to taxonomic methodology than actual accepted phylogeny - Thorne uses a grade-based system that accepts paraphyletic taxa, and often tends to recognise finer subdivisions than the APG. The classification presented on this and the following pages is largely derived from a combination of the classifications of the APG and Thorne (2000).

Thorne divided dicotyledons into seven subclasses, Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae and Lamiidae. These taxa have all been used here, but their coverage has been reinterpreted where necessary to fit a phylogenetic classification. Magnoliidae contains the basalmost flowering plants, and is now recognised as paraphyletic with regard to both monocotyledons and eudicots. The Ranunculidae contained the basal eudicots, and is here defined as the clade formed by Protea + Ranunculus + Vitis, which currently makes it equivalent to the entire eudicot clade. Asteridae and Rosidae are both used by the APG in a different sense from Thorne, and they are defined here following the APG. Rosidae is the clade of taxa closer to Rosa than to Aster or Dianthus, while Asteridae is taxa closer to Aster than Rosa or Dianthus. To complete the triad, Caryophyllidae is composed of taxa closer to Dianthus than Rosa or Aster - this clade currently includes only a single order, Caryophyllales. Lamiidae is a derived clade within Asteridae. Finally, the Dilleniidae of Thorne represents a paraphyletic or polyphyletic group whose members are here scattered among Asteridae, Rosidae and Caryophyllales.

Some authors in the past have recognised a further subclass, Hamamelididae, containing the wind-pollinated angiosperms. This is now regarded as a polyphyletic grouping, with most of its members belonging to the Rosidae.

<==Ranunculidae [Dilleniidae, Dilleniales, Dillenianae, Ranunculanae]
   |--Ranunculales
   `--+--Proteales
      |    |--Proteaceae
      |    |--Nelumbo [Nelumbonaceae, Nelumbonales]
      |    |    |--N. lutea
      |    |    `--N. nucifera [incl. Nelumbium nelumbo]
      |    `--Platanaceae
      |         |--Macginicarpa
      |         `--Platanus
      |              |--P. kerrii
      |              |--P. latior
      |              `--P. occidentalis
      `--+--Trochodendrineae
         |    |--Euptelea [Eupteleaceae]
         |    `--Trochodendraceae
         |         |--Trochodendron [Trochodendroideae]
         |         `--Tetracentron [Tetracentroideae]
         `--+--Gunnera [Gunneraceae, Gunnerales, Gunnerineae]
            |    |--G. albocarpa
            |    |--G. arenaria
            |    |--G. dentata
            |    |--G. hamiltonii
            |    |--G. lobata
            |    |--G. monoica
            |    `--G. prorepens
            `--+--+--Greyia [Greyiaceae]
               |  |--Francoa [Francoaceae]
               |  `--Cercidiphyllaceae
               |       |--Cercidiphyllum japonicum
               |       `--Trochodendroides arctica
               `--+--Vitales [Vitineae]
                  |    |--Leea [Leeaceae, Leeoideae]
                  |    `--Vitaceae
                  |         |--Cissus adenocaulis
                  |         |--Cyphostemma
                  |         |--Tetrastigma diepenhostii
                  |         |--Ampelocissus
                  |         |--Ampelopsis hederacea
                  |         |--Clematicissus
                  |         |--Landukia
                  |         |--Pteresanthes
                  |         |--Quinaria
                  |         `--Vitis [Vitoideae]
                  |              |--V. trifolii
                  |              `--V. vinifera
                  `--+--+--Rosidae
                     |  `--+--Santalanae
                     |     `--+--Caryophyllales
                     |        `--Asteridae
                     `--Dilleniaceae [Dilleniinae]
                          |--Pachynema
                          |--Hibbertia
                          |    |--H. axillibarba
                          |    |--H. carinata
                          |    |--H. commutata
                          |    |--H. cunninghamii
                          |    |--H. exasperata
                          |    |--H. glaberrima
                          |    |--H. gracilipes
                          |    |--H. hemignosta
                          |    |--H. huegelii
                          |    |--H. lepidocalyx
                          |    |--H. microphylla
                          |    |--H. perfoliata
                          |    |--H. pungens
                          |    |--H. racemosa
                          |    |--H. recurvifolia
                          |    |--H. rostellata
                          |    |--H. rupicola
                          |    |--H. spicata
                          |    `--H. vaginata
                          |--Acrotrema
                          |--Davilla
                          |--Burtonia Salisbury 1807
                          |--Tetracera [Delimoideae, Tetraceroideae]
                          `--Dillenia [Dillenioideae]
                               |--D. excelsa
                               |--D. grandifolia
                               |--D. pentagyna
                               `--D. suffruticosa

* Type species of generic name indicated

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Credits

Explanatory note CKT070122; phylogeny Christopher 06:25, 13 September 2008 (PDT)