Russulales

From Palaeos

Basidiomycota
  |--Urediniomycetes
  `--+--Ustilaginomycetes
     `--Hymenomycetes
          |==tremelloid taxa
          `--Homobasidiomycetes
               |--phalloid clade
               `--+--cantharelloid clade
                  `--+--hymenochaetoid clade
                     |--russuloid clade
                     |--polyporoid clade
                     |--Gloeophyllum clade
                     |--thelephoroid clade
                     |--Dendrocorticium clade
                     |--Jaapia
                     |--Boletales
                     `--agaricoid clade

Russula emetica

Introduction

This section from Wikipedia:

The Russulales are an order of homobasidiomycetes that includes the agaric genera Russula and Lactarius and their polyporoid and corticioid relatives.

Russuloid agarics represent an independent evolutionary line of agarics, not directly related to the euagarics of the Agaricales.

This group also includes a number of russuloid hypogeous fungi, polypores such as Bondarzewia, some tooth fungi, and club fungi like Artomyces and Clavicorona. Basidiospores in this group are typically ornamented with amyloid warts or reticulation.

Phylogeny

<==Russulales [Elasmomycetaceae, Russulaceae]
   |  i. s.: Elasmomyces
   |         Lactariopsis
   `--Russula (Fries) Gray 1821 [=Agaricus (tribe Russula) Fries 1821]
        |  i. s.: R. compacta
        |         R. integra
        |         R. paludosa
        |--R. subg. Eurussulae [=R. subg. Genuinae]
        |    |--R. (sect. Piperinae subsect. Emeticinae) silvicola
        |    `--+--+--R. (sect. Fistulosae subsect. Concolorinae) discopus
        |       |  `--R. (sect. Piperinae subsect. Violaceinae) violacea
        |       |--+--Cystangium theodoroui
        |       |  `--Gymnomyces redolens
        |       `--+--+--Macowanites americanus
        |          |  `--Martellia californica
        |          `--+--R. (sect. Polychromae subsect. Viridantinae) xerampelina
        |             `--+--Cystangium cazii
        |                `--Gymnomyces megasporus
        `--+--+--R. (sect. Piperinae subsect. Emeticinae) mairei
           |  `--R. sect. Heterophyllae subsect. Heterophyllinae
           |       |--R. brunneola
           |       `--+--R. (sect. Crassitunicatae subsect. Aureotactinae) radicans
           |          |--R. virescens
           |          `--+--R. (sect. Ingratae subsect. Foetentinae) foetentula
           |             `--+--Gymnomyces pallidus
           |                `--Martellia fallax
           `--+--R. (sect. Archaeinae) earlei
              |--Lactarius
              `--R. subg. Compactae
                   |--+--R. campinensis [=Lactarius campinensis]
                   |  `--R. (sect. Insidiosae subsect. Maculatinae) romagnesii
                   `--R. sect. Compactae
                        |--R. subsect. Nigricantinae [=R. subsect. Nigricantes]
                        |    |--R. adusta
                        |    `--R. nigricans
                        `--+--‘Lactarius (sect. Lactifluus)’ (subsect. Piperati) piperatus
                           |    |--L. p. var. piperatus
                           |    `--L. p. var. glaucescens
                           `--+--Gymnomyces hellyerensis
                              `--R. subsect. Plorantinae [=R. subsect. Lactarioideae, R. subsect. Plorantes]
                                   |--R. brevipes
                                   |    |--R. b. var. brevipes
                                   |    `--R. b. var. acrior
                                   `--R. delica

References

Hibbett, D. S., & M. Binder. 2002. Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269: 1963-1969.

Miller, S. L., T. M. McClean, J. F. Walker & B. Buyck. 2001. A molecular phylogeny of the Russulales including agaricoid, gasteroid and pleurotoid taxa. Mycologia 93 (2): 344-354.

External links

• Russulales News
• The Russulales Website

Credits

CKT061008 - phylogeny and references