Saccharomycetales

From Palaeos

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic tree below is based on the neighbour joining tree of Schweigkofler et al. (2002). While that study actually found Saccharomycetales to be paraphyletic with regard to Stephanoascales (which appeared as sister to Dekkera), support for this was low and I maintain monophyly for Saccharomycetales until more conclusive evidence emerges. However, I am willing to run with Schweigkofler et al.'s finding of a polyphyletic Saccharomycetaceae sensu Eriksson et al. (2003).

Older references generally used the names Endomycetales and Endomycetes rather than Saccharomycetales and Saccharomycetes. As noted in Eriksson (1999), the type species of Endomyces is unidentifiable, and may not even be a member of the Saccharomycotina. Names based on Endomyces are therefore regarded as mostly inappropriate.

<==Saccharomycetales [anam. Candida; Endomycetales, Saccharomycetaceae]
   |  i. s.: anam. Candida colpomensis
   |         anam. Candida dubliniensis
   |         anam. Candida ernobii
   |         anam. Candida haemulonii
   |         anam. Candida intermedia
   |         anam. Candida krusei
   |         anam. Candida nemodendra
   |         anam. Candida parapsilosis
   |         anam. Candida scottii
   |         anam. Candida shehatae
   |         anam. Candida tenuis
   |         Arxiozyma
   |         Citeromyces matritensis
   |         Cyniclomyces
   |         Issatchenkia orientalis
   |         Lodderomyces elongisporus
   |         Pachysolen tannophilus
   |         Saturnispora
   |         Tetrapisispora
   |         Kluyveromyces fragilis
   |         Williopsis [incl. Komagataea, Waltiozyma]
   |           `--W. saturnus
   |                |--W. s. var. saturnus
   |                `--W. s. var. mrakii
   |         Endomycetaceae
   |           |--Ascocephalophora
   |           |--Phialoascus
   |           |--Trichomonascus
   |           |--Conidiascus
   |           |--Helicogonium
   |           |--Myriogonium
   |           `--Endomyces
   |                |--*E. decipiens (n. d.)
   |                `--E. scopularum
   |--Metschnikowia
   `--+--Dekkera
      |    |--D. bruxellensis
      |    |--D. custersiana
      |    `--D. naardensis
      `--+--+--Saccharomycopsidaceae
         |  |    |--Ambrosiozyma
         |  |    |    |--A. monospora
         |  |    |    `--A. platypodis
         |  |    `--Saccharomycopsis [incl. Endomycopsella]
         |  |         |--S. capsularis
         |  |         |--S. fibuligera
         |  |         `--S. javanensis
         |  `--+--+--anam. Candida albicans
         |     |  `--+--anam. Candida maltosa
         |     |     `--anam. Candida tropicalis
         |     `--Debaryomyces
         |          |--D. etchellsii
         |          |--D. hansenii
         |          |--D. maramus
         |          |--D. occidentalis
         |          |--D. robertsiae
         |          `--D. tamarii
         `--+--Pichia
            `--+--Saccharomycodaceae
               |    |--Hanseniaspora uvarum
               |    |--Saccharomycodes ludwigii
               |    |--Wickerhamia fluorescens
               |    `--Nadsonia
               |         |--N. commutata
               |         `--N. fulvescens
               `--+--Eremotheciaceae
                  |    |--Coccidiascus legeri
                  |    `--Eremothecium (see below for synonymy)
                  |         |--E. ashbyi
                  |         |--E. cimbalariae
                  |         |--E. coryli
                  |         |--E. gossypii
                  |         `--E. sinecaudum [=Holleya sinecauda]
                  `--+--Kluyveromyces lactis
                     `--+--anam. Candida glabrata
                        `--+--Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
                           `--+--Torulaspora delbrueckii
                              `--+--Kluyveromyces polysporus
                                 `--Saccharomyces

Eremothecium [incl. Ashbya, Crebrothecium, Holleya, Nematospora, Spermophthora]

* Type species of genus indicated

References

Eriksson, O. E. (ed.) 1999. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 2440-2755. Myconet 2: 1-41.

Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota – 2003. Myconet 9: 1-89.

Henk, D. A., A. Weir & M. Blackwell. 2003. Laboulbeniopsis termitarius, an ectoparasite of termites newly recognized as a member of the Laboulbeniomycetes. Mycologia 95 (4): 561-564.

Hong, S. G., K. S. Bae, M. Herzberg, A. Titze & M.-A. Lachance. 2003. Candida kunwiensis sp. nov., a yeast associated with flowers and bumblebees. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 367-372.

Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology (3rd ed.) Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

Schweigkofler, W., K. Lopandic, O. Molnár & H. Prillinger. 2002. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycota with yeast phases using ribosomal DNA sequences and cell wall sugars. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 2: 1-17.

Sipiczki, M. 2003. Candida zemplinina sp. nov., an osmotolerant and psychrotolerant yeast that ferments sweet botrytized wines. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2079-2083.

Wolfe, K. 2003. Speciation reversal. Nature 422: 25-26.

Zhang, N., & M. Blackwell. 2001. Molecular phylogeny of dogwood anthracnose fungus (Discula destructiva) and the Diaporthales. Mycologia 93 (2): 355-365.

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