Echinoidea

From Palaeos

<==Echinoidea [Echinomorpha]
   |  i. s.: Brissopsis lyrifera [=Brissus lyrifer]
   |         Paraphormosoma alternans
   |         Echinarachnius Gray 1825
   |           `--E. parma
   |         Leodia sexiesperforata
   |         Encope michelini
   |         Tripneustes esculentus
   |         Loveniidae
   |           |--Lovenia Desor 1847
   |           `--Echinocardium Gray 1825
   |                |--E. austrole
   |                |--E. cordatum
   |                |--E. flavescens [incl. Amphidetus ovatus]
   |                `--E. pennatifidum
   |         Echinocyamus pusillus
   |         Psammechinus
   |           |--P. microtuberculatus [=Parechinus microtuberculatus]
   |           `--P. miliaris [=Echinus miliaris, Parechinus miliaris]
   |         Strongylocentrotus Bandt 1835
   |           |--S. droebachiensis (see below for synonymy)
   |           |--S. echinoides
   |           |--S. franciscanus
   |           |--S. intermedius
   |           |--S. nudus
   |           |--S. polyacanthus
   |           |--S. pulchellus
   |           `--S. purpuratus (Stimpson 1857)
   |         Mellita
   |           |--M. quinquiesperforata
   |           |--M. sexiesperforata
   |           `--M. tenuis
   |         Phormosoma
   |           |--P. bursarium
   |           |--P. placenta
   |           `--P. verticillatum
   |         Conoclypus
   |         Palaeodiscus ferox
   |         Diademopsis
   |         Centrostephanus
   |         Collyrites bicordata (see below for synonymy)
   |         Acanthotrema
   |         Glyptocidaris Agassiz 1853 [Glyptocidaridae]
   |         Schizaster Agassiz 1836 [Schizasteridae]
   |           `--S. africanus
   |         Sphaerechinus Desor 1856 [Toxopneustidae]
   |           `--S. granularis
   |         Allocentrotus fragilis
   |         Anthocidaris crassispina
   |         Brisaster
   |           |--B. fragilis [=Tripylus fragilis]
   |           `--B. townsendi
   |         Echinometra lucunter
   |         Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
   |         Lytechinus
   |           |--L. anamesus
   |           `--L. variegatus [=Toxopneustes variegata]
   |         Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz 1831)
   |         Heliocidaris
   |           |--H. erythrogramma
   |           `--H. tuberculata
   |         Sterechinus neumayeri
   |         Rhabdocidaris [=Rhabdocrinus (l. c.) non Wright 1944]
   |         Evechinus chloroticus
   |--Euechinoidea [Diadematacea]
   |    |  i. s.: Bursulella Jones 1887
   |    |           `--*B. triangularis Jones 1887
   |    |         Caenopedina Agassiz 1869 [Pedinidae, Pedinoida]
   |    |         Pygasteroida
   |    |         Orthopsida
   |    |--Echinothurioida
   |    `--+--Diadema [Diadematoida]
   |       |    |--D. antillarum Philippi 1845
   |       |    `--D. setosum
   |       `--+--Atelostomata
   |          `--Echinacea
   `--Perischoechinoidea
        |--Echinocystitoida
        |--Bothriocidaroida
        |--Palaechinoida
        `--Cidaroida
             |--Cidaridae
             |    |--Eucidaris Pomel 1883
             |    `--*Cidaris cidaris [incl. C. hystrix, Dorocidaris papillata]
             `--Archaeocidaris M’Coy 1884 [Archaeocidaridae]
                  |--A. diadematoides Haude & Thomas 1994
                  |--A. keyserlingi (Geinitz 1848)
                  `--A. rossica

Collyrites bicordata [=Cardiopelta bicordata; incl. Co. bicordata var. baltica Beurlen 1934]

Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis [=Echinus droebachiensis, Toxopneustes droebachiensis; incl. E. neglectus, E. pictus]

* Type species of generic name indicated

[edit] References

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Boczarowski, A. 2001. Isolated sclerites of Devonian non-pelmatozoan echinoderms. Palaeontologia Polonica 59: 1-219.

Bousfield, E. L., & E. A. Hendrycks. 1995. The amphipod family Pleustidae on the Pacific coast of North America: Part II. Subfamilies Parapleustinae, Dactylopleustinae, and Pleusirinae. Systematics and distributional ecology. Amphipacifica 2: 65-133.

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Klein-MacPhee, G., & B. B. Collette. 2002. Eelpouts. Family Zoarcidae. In Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine (B. B. Collette & G. Klein-MacPhee, eds.) 3rd ed. pp. 466-474. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

O'Brien, C. O. 1981. A. A. Book of New Zealand Wildlife: A guide to the native and introduced animals of New Zealand. Lansdowne Press: Auckland.

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Weinberg Rasmussen, H. 1978. Articulata. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt. T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea (R. C. Moore & C. Teichert, eds.) vol. 3 pp. T813-T927. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

Williamson, D. I. 2001. Larval transfer and the origins of larvae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 111-122.

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