Araneae

From Palaeos

<==Araneae [Aranina, Parallelodontes]
   |  i. s.: Archoleptona schusteri
   |         Blabomma
   |         Cupiennius
   |         Chumma Jocqué 2001 [Chummidae]
   |           |--*C. inquieta Jocqué 2001
   |           `--C. gastroperforata Jocqué 2001
   |         Cyrioctea
   |         Liocranidae
   |         Eresidae
   |         Metepeira F.O.P.-Cambridge 1903
   |           |--M. labrynthea (Hentz 1847)
   |           `--M. spinipes F.O.P.-Cambridge 1903
   |         Agelenatea redii (Scopoli 1763)
   |         Zilla
   |           |--Z. diodia (Walckenaer 1802)
   |           `--Z. thorelli
   |         Bryantella smaragdus (Crane 1945) [incl. Parnaenus convexus Chickering 1946]
   |         Bacelarella Berland & Millot 1941
   |           |--B. conjugans
   |           |--B. pavida Szûts & Jocqué 2001
   |           `--B. tentativa Szûts & Jocqué 2001
   |         Carparachne aureoflava Lawrence 1966
   |         Ceratogyrus bechuanicus Purcell 1902
   |         Pterinochilus
   |           |--P. carnivorus Strand 1917
   |           `--P. nigrofulvus (Pocock 1898)
   |         Ammoxenus [Ammoxenidae]
   |           `--A. amphalodes Dippenaar & Meyer 1980
   |         Crustulina guttata
   |         Lophomma punctatum
   |         Cercidia prominens
   |         Hyposinga sanguinea
   |         Talavera petrensis
   |         Lagonomegops sukatchevae Eskov & Wunderlich 1994
   |         Tholia
   |           |--T. conifera Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           |--T. mammeata Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           |--T. peltata Koch in Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           |--T. pilosa Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           |--T. simpla Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           `--T. tuberculata Koch in Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |         Paraplectanoides Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           `--*P. crassipes Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |         Heurodes Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           `--*H. turrita Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |         Carepalxis Koch 1872
   |           |--C. bilobata Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           |--C. furcula Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |           `--C. tuberculata Koch & Keyserling 1886
   |         Ulesanis Koch 1872
   |           `--U. sextuberculata Koch & Keyserling 1890
   |         Wirada Keyserling 1886
   |           `--W. rotunda Koch & Keyserling 1890
   |         Ariamnes colubrinus Koch in Koch & Keyserling 1890
   |         Tobesoa Koch & Keyserling 1890
   |           `--*T. theridioides Koch & Keyserling 1890
   |         Diaca insulana Koch & Keyserling 1890
   |         Ergane signata Koch & Keyserling 1890
   |         Gmogala Koch & Keyserling 1890 [=Imogala (l. c.)]
   |           `--*G. scarabaea Koch & Keyserling 1890 [=Imogala (l. c.) scarabaea]
   |         Leptonetidae
   |           |--Archoleptoneta Gertsch 1974
   |           |--Leptoneta Simon 1872
   |           |--Segrea sardinensis Roewer 1953
   |           |--Paraleptoneta fagei Roewer 1953
   |           `--Leptonetella Kratochvíl 1978
   |                `--L. caucasica Dunin 1990
   |         Prodidomus Hentz 1847 [Prodidomidae]
   |           |--P. lampei Strand 1915
   |           `--P. redikortsevi Spassky 1940
   |         Euro permunda
   |         Daramulunia [=Daramuliana (l. c.)]
   |         Dinopilio [Pyritaraneidae]
   |           `--D. gigas
   |         Amphitrogulus sternalis Gourret 1886
   |         Phalangillum hirsutum Gourret 1886
   |         Gladicosa gulosa
   |         Physocyclus enaulus
   |         Tidarren sisyphoides
   |         Trechalea [Trechaleidae]
   |           |--T. biocellata
   |           `--T. keyserlingi
   |         Lessertia dentichelis
   |         Mahura
   |           |--M. accola Forster & Wilton 1973
   |           `--M. southgatei Forster & Wilton 1973
   |         Ascuta
   |           |--A. algida Forster 1956
   |           |--A. extensa Forster 1956
   |           |--A. media Forster 1956
   |           `--A. ornata Forster 1956
   |         Laperousea blattifera (Urquhart 1887) [=Linyphia blattifer]
   |         Rinawa cantuaria Forster 1970
   |         Ahua
   |           |--A. dentata Forster & Wilton 1973
   |           `--A. vulgaris Forster & Wilton 1973
   |         Makora diversa Forster & Wilton 1973
   |         Matua festiva Forster 1979
   |         Waiporia
   |           |--W. hornabrooki (Forster 1956) [=Pounamua hornabrooki]
   |           `--W. modica (Forster 1956) [=Ascuta modica]
   |         Muritaia kaituna Forster 1973
   |         Maoriata magna (Forster 1956) [=Ascuta magna]
   |         Pseudafroneta
   |           |--P. maxima Blest 1979
   |           `--P. prominula Blest 1979
   |         Tuapoka ovalis Forster & Wilton 1973
   |         Auhunga pectinata Forster & Wilton 1973
   |         Poria rima Forster 1970
   |         Kapanga solitaria (Bryant 1935) [=Hahnia solitaria]
   |         Manawa solitaria Forster 1970
   |         Waipoua totara (Forster 1956) [=Pounamua totara]
   |         Novakia trituberculata (Urquhart 1887) [=Epeira trituberculata]
   |         Oparara vallus (Marples 1959) [=Ixeuticus vallus, O. valla]
   |         Dandridgia dysderoides White 1849
   |         Ancylotrypa bicornuta Strand 1906
   |         Nonianus unilateralis Strand 1908
   |         Phalaea marginata Strand 1907
   |         Alcimosphenus licinus
   |         Barusia maheni (Kratochvíl & Miller 1939)
   |         Hadites tegenarioides Keyserling 1862
   |         Drassus
   |           |--D. luctuosus Doleschall 1859
   |           `--D. moestus Doleschall 1859
   |--Opisthothelae
   |    |--Mygalomorphae
   |    `--Araneomorphae
   `--Mesothelae [Verticulatae]
        |--Heptathela kimurai
        `--Liphistius [Liphistiidae]
             |--L. bicoloripes Ono 1988
             `--L. sumatranus

* Type species of generic name indicated

[edit] References

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Bodasing, M., T. Crouch & R. Slotow. 2002. The influence of starvation on dispersal in the social spider, Stegodyphus mimosarum (Araneae, Eresidae). Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 373-382.

Brunet, B. 1996. Spiderwatch: A Guide to Australian Spiders. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

Coddington, J. A. 1990. Book review: Advances in spider taxonomy 1981-1987: A supplement to Brignoli’s A catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981 (edited by P. Merrett), by Norman I. Platnick. Journal of Arachnology 18: 245-248.

Cokendolpher, J. C., & P. G. Mitov. 2007. Natural enemies. In Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones (R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet, eds.) pp. 339-373. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

Colenso, W. 1882. On some newly-discovered New Zealand arachnids. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 15: 165-173.

Dohle, W. 2001. Are the insects terrestrial crustaceans? A discussion of some new facts and arguments and the proposal of the proper name ‘Tetraconata’ for the monophyletic unit Crustacea + Hexapoda. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 37 (1-2): 85-103.

Doleschall, C. L. 1859. Tweede Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie [Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae] 5 (5): 1-60, plates 1-18.

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Dunlop, J. A. 2007. Paleontology. In Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones (R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado & G. Giribet, eds.) pp. 247-265. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

Forster, R. R. 1964. The Araneae and Opiliones of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Pacific Insects Monograph 7: 58-115.

Forster, R., & L. Forster. 1999. Spiders of New Zealand and their World-wide Kin. University of Otago Press: Dunedin (New Zealand).

Giribet, G., G. D. Edgecombe, W. C. Wheeler & C. Babbitt. 2002. Phylogeny and systematic position of Opiliones: A combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data. Cladistics 18: 5-70.

Haddad, C. R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2002. The influence of mound structure on the diversity of spiders (Araneae) inhabiting the abandoned mounds of the snouted harvester termite Trinervitermes trinervoides. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 403-408.

Henschel, J. R. 2002. Long-distance wandering and mating by the dancing white lady spider (Leucorchestris arenicola) (Araneae, Sparassidae) across Namib dunes. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 321-330.

Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81-91.

Jocqué, R. 2001. Chummidae, a new spider family (Arachnida, Araneae) from South Africa. Journal of Zoology 254: 481-493.

Jocqué, R. 2002. Genitalic polymorphism – a challenge for taxonomy. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 298-306.

Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267-310.

Koch, L., & E. Keyserling. 1884-1890. Die Arachniden Australiens nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet vol. 2. Bauer & Raspe: Nürnberg.

Kraus, O. 1955. Spinnen von Korsika, Sardinien und Elba (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 371-394.

Machado, G., P. C. Carrera, A. M. Pomini & A. J. Marsaioli. 2005. Chemical defense in harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones): do benzoquinone secretions deter invertebrate and vertebrate predators? Journal of Chemical Ecology 31 (11): 2519-2539.

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Relys, V., S. Koponen & D. Dapkus. 2002. Annual differences and species turnover in peat bog spider communities. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 416-424.

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Credits

Christopher 03:17, 4 August 2008 (PDT)