Tubulinea
From Palaeos
| Tubulinea | |
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| Linnaean Hierarchy | Local Cladogram |
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Domain: Eukarya
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Amoebozoa `--Tubulinea [Euamoebida, Lobosea, Tubulina] `--+--Leptomyxida [Leptomyxoidea] `--+--Arcellinida `--Tubulinida [Hartmannellidae] `--Amoebidae
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Geographic Range: Worldwide |
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Contents |
Description
The Tubulinea are a major class of Amoebozoa, including most of the larger and more familiar amoebae like Amoeba, Arcella, and Difflugia. During locomotion most Tubulinea have a roughly cylindrical form or produce numerous cylindrical pseudopods. Each cylinder advances by a single central stream of cytoplasm, granular in appearance, and has no subpseudopodia. This distinguishes them from other amoeboid groups, although in some members this is not the normal type of locomotion.
This class was anticipated by some biologists like Jahn, who grouped all amoebae with granular pseudopodia together[1], but most split the lobose amoebae into testate Testacealobosia and naked Gymnamoebia. The latter are polyphyletic, but molecular trees by Bolivar et al.[2] identified a core monophyletic subgroup. Subsequent studies showed the testate lobose amoebae belong to the same group, which was thus renamed Lobosea sensu stricto[3] or Tubulinea.[4]
Description references
[1] Jahn, Bovee, Jahn (1979). How to know the protozoa. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers. ISBN 0-697-04759-8. [2] Bolivar, I., Fahrni, J.F., Smirnov, A. & Pawlowski, J. (2001). "SSU rRNA-based Phylogenetic Position of the Genera Amoeba and Chaos (Lobosea, Gymnamoebia): The Origin of Gymnamoebae Revisited". Molecular Biology and Evolution 18: 2306-2314. [3] Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E-Y, Oates, B. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the Amoebozoa and evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium". European Journal of Protistology 40: 21-48. [4] Smirnov, A.V., Nassonova, E.S., Berney, C., Fahrni, J., Bolivar, I. & Pawlowski, J. (2005). "Molecular phylogeny and classification of the lobose amoebae". Protist 156: 129-142.
Phylogeny
Cladogram
<==Tubulina [Euamoebida, Lobosea] |--+--‘Hartmannella’ vermiformis | `--Echinamoeba | |--E. exundans | |--E. gingivalis | |--E. silvestris | `--E. thermarum Baumgartner, Yapi et al. 2003 `--+--Leptomyxida [Leptomyxoidea] | | i. s.: Flabellula [Flabellulidae] | |--Leptomyxa [Leptomyxidae] | | `--L. reticulata | `--+--Rhizamoeba saxonica | `--Paraflabellula | |--P. hoguae | `--P. reniformis `--+--Arcellinida `--Tubulinida [Hartmannellidae] | i. s.: Cashia | Deuteramoeba | Hydramoeba | Nolandella | Parachaos | Polychaos | Trichamoeba |--Saccamoeba limax `--+--+--Glaeseria mira | `--Hartmannella cantabrigiensis `--Amoebidae |--Chaos | |--C. carolinense | `--C. nobile `--Amoeba [Amoebaea] |--A. dubia |--A. leningradensis `--A. proteus
* Type species of genus indicated
Phylogeny references
Baumgartner, M., A. Yapi, R. Gröbner-Ferreira & K. O. Stetter. 2003. Cultivation and properties of Echinamoeba thermarum n. sp., an extremely thermophilic amoeba thriving in hot springs. Extremophiles 7: 267-274.
Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2003. Phylogeny of Choanozoa, Apusozoa, and other Protozoa and early eukaryote megaevolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 540-563.
Kudryavtsev, A., D. Bernhard, M. Schlegel, E. E-Y. Chao & T. Cavalier-Smith. 2005. 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of Cochliopodium (Himastimenida) and the phylogeny of Amoebozoa. Protist 156: 215-224.
Li, W.-H., & D. Graur. 1991. Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution. Sinauer: Sunderland (MA).
Smirnov, A., E. Nassonova, C. Berney, J. Fahrni, I. Bolivar & J. Pawlowski. 2005. Molecular phylogeny and classification of the lobose amoebae. Protist 156: 129-142.
Credits
Credits: phylogeny and references CKT070227; description Wikipedia (GNU Free Documentation License) (author: Josh Grosse), copied to Palaeos org and menu added MAK061002
