Urochordata

From Palaeos

<==Urochordata
   |  i. s.: Pyrosoma
   |           |--P. atlanticum
   |           `--P. spinosum
   |         Octacnemus [Sorberacea]
   |         Shankouclava Chen, Huang et al. 2003
   |           `--*S. anningense Chen, Huang et al. 2003 (see below for synonymy)
   |--Oikopleura [Appendicularia, Larvacea]
   |    `--O. dioica
   `--Tunicata
        |--Thaliacea [Thaliae]
        |    |--Thalia democratica
        |    `--Doliolum
        |         |--D. mulleri Krohn 1852
        |         `--D. nationalis
        `--Ascidiacea [Ascidiae]
             |  i. s.: Halocynthia
             |           |--H. aurantiaca
             |           `--H. roretzi
             |         Polysyncraton
             |         Clarelina molucensis
             |         Phallusia
             |           |--P. mamillata
             |           `--P. nigra
             |         Polyandrocarpa
             |           |--P. gravei
             |           `--P. tincta
             |         Symplegma viride
             |         Diplosoma listerianum
             |         Ctenicella appendiculata
             |         Distomus variolosus
             |         Herdmania
             |           |--H. curvata
             |           `--H. momus
             |--Enterogona
             `--Pleurogona

*Shankouclava anningense Chen, Huang et al. 2003 [=S. shankouense Chen, Huang et al. 2003 (n. n.)]

* Type species of genus indicated

[edit] References

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Buss, L. W. 1979. Habitat selection, directional growth and spatial refuges: Why colonial animals have more hiding places. In Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms (G. Larwood & B. R. Rosen, eds.) pp. 459-497. Academic Press: London.

Cameron, C. B., J. R. Garey & B. J. Swalla. 2000. Evolution of the chordate body plan: New insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97 (9): 4469-4474.

Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews 73: 203-266.

Chen, J.-Y., D.-Y. Huang, Q.-Q. Peng, H.-M. Chi, Z.-Q. Wang & M. Feng. 2003. The first tunicate from the Early Cambrian of South China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 100 (14): 8314-8318.

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Lancelot, C., & R. Groben. 2003. Meeting report: Regional conference on the ecology and impact assessment of Phaeocystis blooms in the Eastern Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea. Protist 154 (2): 173-176.

Miller, S. A., & J. P. Harley. 1996. Zoology (3rd ed.) Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).

Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231-322.

Romanenko, L. A., N. V. Zhukova, M. Rhode, A. M. Lysenko, V. M. Mikhailov & E. Stackebrandt. 2003. Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans sp. nov., a novel marine agarolytic bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 125-131.

Sabbadin, A. 1979. Colonial structure and genetic patterns in ascidians. In Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms (G. Larwood & B. R. Rosen, eds.) pp. 433-444. Academic Press: London.

Shu, D.-G., L. Chen, J. Han & X.-L. Zhang. 2001. An Early Cambrian tunicate from China. Nature 411: 472-473.

Williamson, D. I. 2001. Larval transfer and the origins of larvae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 111-122.

Zrzavý, J., V. Hypša & D. F. Tietz. 2001. Myzostomida are not annelids: Molecular and morphological support for a clade of animals with anterior sperm flagella. Cladistics 17: 170-198.

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