Indo-Madagascar

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Indo-Madagascar

Despite what one might think looking at a modern map, India and Madagascar separated from the rest of Gondwanaland as a single block, around 120-115 Ma. The first connection to be broken was the one with Africa. Madagascar was originally connected to the Somali coast. Around 165 Ma Indo-Madagascar broke off from Africa but was still connected with Greater Antarctica (Antarctica+Australia). A rift started to form between the west of Australia and the east of India. Then around 115 Ma volcanic activity started in the east of India, probably due to the Kerguelen hotspot and the Indo-Madagascar block started to move north, away from Antarctica. The hotspot gradually produced what is now the Kerguelen plateau that may - perhaps intermittently - have maintained contact for a while. Only later, circa 84 Ma, Madagascar and India broke apart from one another. India then set off towards the north at a remarkable (by tectonic standards) speed and collided with Asia around 55-50 Ma, while Madagascar lazily floated about off Africa, accounting for their present considerable separation.

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